Integrasi Varietas Tahan dan Bioinsektisida untuk Pengendalian Ulat Perusak Daun Kedelai

Abstract

Leaf-feeder caterpillars are important soybean pest and widely distributed in the world from tropical to sub-tropical regions, under wet and humid conditions. In Indonesia, these caterpillars attacked 1,316 hectares of soybean crops in the year 2002, and increased to 2,902 hectares in 2006. Therefore, an effective pest control method needs to be identified. An experiment on controlling leaf feeder caterpillars using bio-insecticides SLNPV and SBM, combined with the resistant varieties was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Farm of Indonesia Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute during dry season of 2016. A strip plot design with three replications was applied, where the vertical factor was varieties i.e. (1) Wilis, (2) Degra 1, and (3) G100H, and insecticides as horizontal factor i.e. (1) without insecticide, (2) 50 g of neemseed flour (SBM) deluted in 1 litre of water, (3) 2 g of SlNPV in 1 litre of water, (4) SBM + SLNPV, and (5) chemical insecticide. Results indicated that SlNPV effectively suppressed the population of caterpillars, as indicated by its lowest numbers. The treatment combination of SBM + SLNPV showed better suppression to the insect than that of chemical insecticide. The role of resistant variety Degra 1 was very important in suppressing the rate of damaged plants, as pointed out by 26% damage reduction as compared to that of susceptible variety Wilis. The effectiveness of leaf feeder caterpillars control was enhanced by combining resistant variety Degra 1 with SLNPV bio-insecticide, resulting 35% of suppression rate, equaled to that obtained by the combination of the resistant variety Degra 1 with chemical insecticide. Degra 1 variety has a potential to be recommended for planting in the endemic area of leaf feeding caterpillars'.

Using mung bean as a trap crop and biopesticide for control of soybean pest

“…The suppression level of Degra 1 (candidate of resistant variety) on the attack intensity of armyworm reached 26%. The effectiveness of armyworm control increased to 35% when Degra 1 was combined with NPV bioinsecticides and was not significantly different from the combination of Degra 1 with chemical insecticides [17]. Based on the information that in the area of South Kalimantan for the last two years, the population and attack rates of armyworms are very high, so to cultivate soybeans in that area, it is better to plant armyworm-resistant soybean varieties such as the Argomulyo soybean variety which is more resistant to armyworm attack than the Anjasmoro variety [14].…”

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“…Using 2 mL L -1 dicofol in the field did not affect the intensity of mite attacks. However, the tuber yield in the plots controlled by dicofol 2 mL L -1 was 14 % higher than in the plots without control (Indiati, 2012). Chemical control should be applied only in emergencies because of the increased control cost and the negative environmental effect.…”

“…As a result, the rate of photosynthesis decreases, transpiration increases, and the chlorophyll content is low (Rioja et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2016). Damage to plants due to mite attacks causes the photosynthetic ability of plants to decrease; nutrient production decreases; tuber size decreases; and yields also decrease (Indiati, 2012;Sobha, 2017). Severe mite attacks can cause the death of cassava plants (Indiati, 2012;Pramudianto and Sari, 2016).…”

“…In Indonesia, red mite infestation usually occurs during the dry season. According to Indiati (2012), yield reduction due to red mite attack can reach 20 % to 53 %, depending on the age of the plant when the attack occurs. At severe levels of damage, yield loss can get 95 % (Santoso and Astuti.…”

Effect of soybean variety and pest management on the sustainable production

“…Cypermethrin 2 ml/l was applied on plants 8 DAP on the treatment chemical pesticide. For control leaf-feeder and pod borer caterpillars were applied lambda-cyhalothrin 2 ml-l on was 21 until 63 DAP with an interval of seven days, while soybean pod sucker was controlled using deltamethrin 2 ml-l on 56 DAP [21].…”