Intakes of Selected Nutrients, Foods, and Phytochemicals and Prostate Cancer Risk in Western New York

Abstract

A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that diet may affect the etiology of prostate cancer, but few have investigated the impact of phytochemical intakes on this cancer. We conducted a case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in western New York involving 433 men with primary, histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 538 population-based controls, frequency matched to cases on age and county of residence. Diet was assessed with a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. We calculated daily intakes of nutrients and the phytochemicals beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, total phytosterols, total lignan precursors, quercetin, and kaempferol based on published food composition data. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describing the association of prostate cancer risk with selected nutrients, phytochemicals, and food groups were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Compared with men in the lowest quartile of intake, reduced risks were observed for men in the highest quartile of intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.33-0.74), beta-carotene (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.97), lutein (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.37-0.81), lycopene (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42-0.92), total lignan precursors (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47-0.94), quercetin (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44-0.92), and total vegetables (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), but weak increased risks were observed for snacks and sweets (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.95-2.23). Estimates associated with nutrients and phytochemicals were attenuated after adjustment for total vegetable intake. Nevertheless, our results support the hypothesis that a phytochemical-rich, plant-based diet is of importance in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms.

Serum Lycopene, Other Carotenoids, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

“…The Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a cohort study of dietary lycopene with almost 2,500 cases (16), observed an inverse association, whereas no association was found in two other cohorts (17,41), including our study of >1,300 cases in the PLCO (17,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Among serum-based studies of circulating lycopene (22-26, 29, 47), the Physicians' Health Study reported that high lycopene concentrations were associated with lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the subgroup of men randomized to the placebo arm only (22).…”

“…Some questionnaire-based case-control studies (42,43,45,(53)(54)(55)(56) reported lower prostate cancer risks with high intake of h-carotene, however, other studies, including five cohort studies (13,41,46,53,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65), did not. In bloodbased observational studies, some showed no relation between h-carotene concentrations and prostate cancer (23,24,26,32), whereas similar to ours, three studies (24,25,28) found increased risks, of which one was significant in blacks (28).…”

Association of Folate-Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis

“…The majority of dietary intake and blood level studies have indicated no association with prostate cancer risk of folate, vitamin B6, methionine, and homocysteine (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). A recent study reported a positive association between folic acid supplementation and prostate cancer risk (17).…”

Demethoxycurcumin inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells

“…The emerging studies on cancer prevention and treatment with natural products expand the traditional treatment of prostate cancer (1). Curcuminoids are phenolic coloring compounds that can be extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa linn.…”