Intakes of fat and micronutrients between ages 13 and 18 years and the incidence of proliferative benign breast disease

Abstract

Purpose Dietary exposures during adolescence may exert important effects on breast development and future breast cancer risk. This study evaluated the associations between high school intakes of fat and micronutrients and the incidence of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD), a marker of increased breast cancer risk. Methods 29,480 women (mean age: 43.3 years, range 33.6 to 52.9) completed a high school food frequency questionnaire (HS-FFQ) in 1998 in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Between 1991 and 2001, 682 women (follow-up time: 259,828 person years) were diagnosed with proliferative BBD whose biopsy slides were reviewed and confirmed by the study pathologists. Results In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, high school intakes of fat and types of fat were not associated with proliferative BBD. Women in the highest quintile of total retinol activity equivalents (RAE), which incorporates retinol, alpha- and beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin intakes, had a 17% lower risk of proliferative BBD than those in the lowest quintile [multivariate hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), p-trend=0.01]; however, additional adjustment for high school dietary factors (vitamin D, nuts, and fiber) rendered the association non-significant [0.99 (0.73, 1.34), p-trend=0.32]. Results were similar with additional adjustment for adult RAE intake. Intakes of vitamin E and individual carotenoids were not associated with proliferative BBD, although an inverse association cannot be ruled out. Conclusions In this study, adolescent fat and micronutrient intakes were not associated with risk of proliferative BBD.

Dietary patterns and relative expression levels of PPAR-γ, VEGF-A and HIF-1α genes in benign breast diseases: case–control and consecutive case-series designs

“…Fang et al (45) revealed that apigenin not only may induce the down-regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF (in breast, ovarian, prostate and colon cancer cell lines) but also repressed angiogenic factors under in vivo conditions (45) . Vegetable oils were shown to be inversely associated with BBD in the prospective cohort of Nurses' Health Study II (3) . The present study showed that the Healthy dietary pattern contains vegetable oils which are rich in tocopherol.…”

“…resulting mainly from a complex interplay of hereditary and environmental risk factors (4) . Several lines of epidemiological evidence described the significant contributing role of dietary factors to BBD incidence in different populations (2,3,5,6) . Galván-Portillo et al (2) suggested that eating fruits (citrus and non-citrus), dietary sources of lignans and dairy products might decrease the risk of BBD.…”

“…It has been shown that dietary carotenoid intake in adolescents is correlated with a lower risk of BBD (6) . Adult fat intake is associated with the development of BBD (3) . Moreover, adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Healthy/Mediterranean patterns might inversely be associated with breast cancer risk (7,8) .…”