Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study

维生素d 在免疫反应和自身免疫性疾病特别是多发性硬化中的作用

“…[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] Cancer breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, endometrial cancers, etc. [10,11] Cardiovascular diseases atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, etc.…”

“…Both laboratory and clinical studies have provided evidence that vitamin D deficiency is an important environmental factor that can increase the prevalence of certain autoimmune diseases, such as MS [55][56][57] , Crohn disease [58] , diabetes mellitus [59,60] , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [61,62] , asthma [63] , RA [64] , Sjögren's syndrome, systemic vasculitis and antiphospholipid syndrome [65] . A correlation between reduced intake of vitamin D and prevalence of the diseases can be found, which raises the possibility that serum vitamin D level is important for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.…”

Impact of national fortification of fluid milks and margarines with vitamin D on dietary intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in 4-year-old children

“…It has, for example been shown that a low intake may be a risk factor for diseases such as type I diabetes (Hyppönen et al, 2001), colorectal cancer (Gorham et al, 2005) and multiple sclerosis (Cantorna et al, 1996). Thus, a higher recommendation for vitamin D intake, 7.5 mg/day, as the conductance of the study has been given in Scandinavian countries (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, 2004) and a higher cutoff point for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 80 nmol/l has also been suggested (Holick, 2004;Heaney, 2005) to improve the vitamin D status and its health effects in the population.…”

Comment on: Gale EAM (2005) Spring harvest? Reflections on the rise of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 48:2245–2250; and Walker M, Mari A, Jayapaul MK et al (2005) Impaired beta cell glucose sensitivity and whole-body insulin sensitivity as predictors of hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 48:2470–2476

“…Hypovitaminosis D developed with reduced exposure to sunlight during the industrial revolution, and although controlled-mainly by supplementation with cod liver oil-after its discovery in the 1920s, has become common again with modern lifestyles [3]. Vitamin D is protective against autoimmune disease, including type 1 diabetes, as is well known in the non-obese diabetic mouse [4], with strong suggestions from epidemiological studies that early life hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes in childhood and early adult life in humans [5]. Furthermore, adequate supplies of vitamin D are necessary for insulin secretion: vitamin D status is an independent determinant of both insulin sensitivity and secretory capacity in mildly hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic subjects [6,7], and reduced vitamin D status is a risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes [8].…”