Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies

Tielemans, S.M.A.J.; Kuil, Wieke Altorf-van der; Engberink, M.F.; Brink, Elizabeth J.; Baak, Marleen A. van; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.

doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.16

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although the relationship between the dietary protein intake and blood pressure remains controversial (16,17), recent evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that an increased intake of protein may lower blood pressure (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The slightly decreased levels of serum albumin observed in apparently healthy subjects in the present study may possibly result from an inadequate protein intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Decreased Serum Albumin Predicts Hypertension in a Japanese Health Screening Population

Oda

2014

Intern. Med.

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Objective The serum albumin level has been reported to be positively associated with blood pressure in some cross-sectional studies. However, the longitudinal relationships between the serum albumin level and incident hypertension have been poorly studied. Methods The incidence of hypertension was calculated for each quartile of serum albumin in 1,385 normotensive men and 855 normotensive women without cardiovascular disease at baseline who revisited for four years thereafter. The hazard ratios (HRs) of incident hypertension were calculated for each one SD increase in the serum albumin level and for the higher quartiles of serum albumin compared with the lowest quartile adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid, fasting glucose, log triglycerides, log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure. Results During four years of follow-up (mean; 3.1 years), 242 men (17.5%) and 89 women (10.4%) developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension significantly decreased through the quartiles of albumin (p for trend=0.012). The HR (95% confidence interval (CI); p value) of hypertension for each one SD increase in the serum albumin level was 0.779 (0.696-0.872; <0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of serum albumin, the HRs (95% CIs; p values) of hypertension for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.765 (0.574-1.018; 0.066), 0.628 (0.440-0.895; 0.010) and 0.520 (0.364-0.742; <0.001), respectively. Conclusion A decreased serum albumin level was found to be a significant predictor of hypertension in a Japanese health screening population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Decreased Serum Albumin Predicts Hypertension in a Japanese Health Screening Population

Oda

2014

Intern. Med.

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“…We used the distributed food/nutrient intake data of each individous studies have suggested that there is an inverse association between total protein intake and blood pressure [2][3][4] . On the other hand, a recent meta-analysis of RCT and intervention studies reported an inverse association between vegetable protein and blood pressure levels 5,6) . However, it remains unclear whether the intake of animal protein or vegetable protein is inversely associated with blood pressure levels [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Dietary Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accepted for publication: May 11, 2018 Published online: August 9, 2018 6 observed an inverse association between vegetable protein intake and blood pressure levels in randomly selected men and women aged 40 -59 years old living in Japan, China, United States, and United Kingdom during 1996 to 1997. By contrast, a cross-sectional study of community dwellers in Japan conducted by Umesawa et al 15) showed that blood pressure level has an inverse association with total protein and animal protein intake but no association with vegetable protein intake.…”

Section: Advance Publication Journal Of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Kurihara

Okamura

Sugiyama

et al. 2019

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim: To examine the relationship between the intake of dietary vegetable protein and CVD mortality in a 15-year follow-up study of a representative sample of the Japanese population.Methods: A total of 7,744 participants aged 30 years or older (3,224 males and 4,520 females) who were free of CVD at baseline were included in this analysis. Vegetable protein intake (% energy) was assessed using a threeday semi-weighed dietary record at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model after adjusting for confounding factors. Results:The total person-years studied were 107,988 with a mean follow-up period of 13.9 years. There were 1,213 deaths during the follow-up period, among which 354 (29.2%) were due to CVD. Vegetable protein intake was associated inversely with CVD and cerebral hemorrhage mortality, with the HRs for a 1% energy increment in vegetable protein intake being 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 -0.99) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 -0.95), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of participants with or without hypertension, the inverse association between vegetable protein intake and CVD mortality was more evident in the nonhypertensive group, with the HRs for CVD and stroke being 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 -0.94) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30 -0.84), respectively.Conclusions: Vegetable protein intake may prevent future CVD, particularly in nonhypertensive subjects in the Japanese population. However, further studies are necessary to examine the biological mechanisms of this effect.

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“…39 A recent meta-analysis of trials that were stratified by plant protein or animal protein indicated no differences with protein from plant or animal sources. 40 However, the sample size of this meta-analysis was small (three trials, N=327 for plant protein; four trials, N=574 for animal protein), and the effects of plant or animal protein were not directly compared. Hence, further intervention studies and meta-analyses are needed to understand the effects of different sources of protein on BP.…”

Section: Protein Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vegetarian diets on blood pressure

Yokoyama¹,

Tsubota²,

Watanabe³

2016

NDS

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Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for coronary artery diseases, and the prevalence of hypertension is continuously increasing. Diet is an important factor that can be modified to prevent hypertension. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, dietary patterns are defined as the quantities, proportions, and variety or combinations of different foods and beverages in diets and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed. In this review, the vegetarian dietary pattern is introduced with a focus on the effect on blood pressure (BP). Although the available evidence is limited, according to a previous meta-analysis of controlled trials, vegetarian dietary patterns significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BPs. One of the common features of a vegetarian diet is weight loss, which might, at least partially, explain the effect on BP. Other possible factors such as sodium, potassium, protein, amino acids, vitamin B-12, antioxidants, fiber, and the microbiome are introduced as possible mechanisms. Further studies are needed with non-Western populations to determine the most effective vegetarian dietary pattern and to explore the exact mechanisms by which these dietary patterns affect BP.

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Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Decreased Serum Albumin Predicts Hypertension in a Japanese Health Screening Population

Decreased Serum Albumin Predicts Hypertension in a Japanese Health Screening Population

Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Effects of vegetarian diets on blood pressure

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