Intake of Dietary Fat and Vitamin in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk in Korean Women: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

To investigate association between breast cancer risk and nutrients intake in Korean women, a case-control study was carried out, at Seoul, Korea. Incident cases (n=224) were identified through the cancer biopsy between February 1999 and December 2000 at two University hospitals in Seoul. Hospital-based controls (n=250) were selected from patients in the same hospitals, during the same periods. Food intake was investigated semiquantitative frequency questionnaire (98 items) by trained dietitian. Subjects were asked to indicate the average food intake and vitamin supplement for a 12 months period of 3-yr prior to the baseline phase. In investigation of vitamin supplement use, subjects were asked the average frequency of use, duration, dose and the brand name of vitamin supplement (multivitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E). And nutrients were calorie adjusted by the residuals method. In this study, higher breast cancer risk incidence was not observed with higher intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids, however statistically significant trends with breast cancer incidence for total saturated fatty acids were found (ptrend=0.0458). In analyses of vitamins, beta-carotene and vitamin C were significantly associated with decreasing risk of breast cancer. In analyses, results from dietary plus supplement of vitamin was not associated with breast cancer risk in this study. In conclusion, our findings suggest that antioxidant vitamins such as beta-carotene and vitamin C intake could lower the breast cancer risk in Korean women.

Carotenoids and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…Secondly, different controls of the study population, the heterogeneity decreased in both subgroups of controls (except b-carotene, the heterogeneity only decreased in population-based case-control studies) in subgroup analyses based on types of control. Finally, different stages of breast cancer patients, 2 of the 24 case-control studies selected invasive breast cancer patients [17,24], one of the 24 case-control studies selected early-stage breast cancer patients [26]. Whereas other studies selected all the in situ, early-stage, and invasive breast cancer patients.…”

“…No meta-analysis about the associations between a-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, lutein/?zeaxanthin, and lycopene and breast cancer has been reported. Since the first two metaanalyses were published, 20 inconsistent observational studies with large samples have been published [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Meanwhile, among the carotenoids, which one play a greater role in reducing breast cancer risk remains unclear.…”

Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…The high heterogeneity in this metaanalysis may be due to the following reasons: (1) various ages of the study population; (2) the different stages of breast cancer patients, 5 case-control studies only involving invasive breast cancer patients [16,17,25,29,32]; (3) the bias from the collection of dietary information, the definition of food groups, and the diverse time periods before interview across studies especially in the case-control studies.…”

Vitamin supplement use and risk for breast cancer: the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study

“…Likewise, Vitamin C intake, has also had conflicting reports of both null and nonsignificant inverse associations with breast cancer risk [18,[39][40][41]44,48]. However, several case-control studies [16,49,50] and one meta-analysis [20] reported a significant inverse association for vitamin C intake. In our study, we found breast cancer risk associated with use of a B-vitamin supplement varied according to dietary intake.…”