Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease

Hughes, Katherine C.; Gao, Xiang; Kim, Iris Y.; Wang, Molin; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Schwarzschild, Michael A.; Ascherio, Alberto

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004057

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A meta-analysis of all prospective studies confirmed a moderately elevated risk of PD among persons with higher dairy product consumption. The combined RRs between extreme intake categories were 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–2.0, p<0.0001) for men and women combined (176), findings that were recently substantiated (177). Although the higher concentration of pesticides and other toxins in milk and other dairy products has been pointed out as a potential explanation for the dairy link to PD, the inverse link between urate levels and dairy consumption has emerged as a similarly compelling hypothesis.…”

Section: Dietary Determinants Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 83%

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Crotty

Ascherio

Schwarzschild

2017

Experimental Neurology

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112

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Oxidative stress has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of multiple neurological diseases. Genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress through mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons underlying Parkinson disease (PD). Although clinical trials of antioxidants have thus far failed to demonstrate slowed progression of PD, oxidative stress remains a compelling target. Rather than prompting abandonment of antioxidant strategies, these failures have raised the bar for justifying drug and dosing selections and for improving study designs to test for disease modification by antioxidants. Urate, the main antioxidant found in plasma as well as the end product of purine metabolism in humans, has emerged as a promising potential neuroprotectant with advantages that distinguish it from previously tested antioxidant agents. Uniquely, higher urate levels in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been linked to both a lower risk of developing PD and to a slower rate of its subsequent progression in numerous large prospective epidemiological and clinical cohorts. Laboratory evidence that urate confers neuroprotection in cellular and animal models of PD, possibly via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, further strengthened its candidacy for rapid clinical translation. An early phase trial of the urate precursor inosine demonstrated its capacity to safely produce well tolerated, long-term elevation of plasma and CSF urate in early PD, supporting a phase 3 trial now underway to determine whether oral inosine dosed to elevate urate to concentrations predictive of favorable prognosis in PD slows clinical decline in people recently diagnosed, dopamine transporter-deficient PD.

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Section: Dietary Determinants Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 83%

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Crotty

Ascherio

Schwarzschild

2017

Experimental Neurology

Self Cite

112

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“…Several epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between environmental factors and the risk of developing PD [18,65]. Some factors are likely to increase the risk, such as exposure to pesticides [66], traumatic brain injury [67], history of melanoma [68], consumption of dairy products [69] and high iron intake [70]. Reduced risks are associated with physical activity [71], mild smoking [72], tea [73], vitamin E [74], caffeine consumption [73], higher serum urate concentrations [75] and the use of ibuprofen and other common medications [76].…”

Section: Evidence From Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Alcohol Drinking in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Peng

Yang²,

Joshi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), increase as the population ages around the world. Environmental factors also play an important role in most cases. Alcohol consumption exists extensively and it acts as one of the environmental factors that promotes these neurodegenerative diseases. The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with brain damage. Chronic alcohol intake leads to elevated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and permanent neuronal damage associated with malnutrition. The relationship and contributing mechanisms of alcohol with these three diseases are different. Epidemiological studies have reported a reduction in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals who drink low amounts of alcohol; low or moderate concentrations of ethanol protect against β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity in hippocampal neurons; and excessive amounts of ethanol increase accumulation of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation. Alcohol has been suggested to be either protective of, or not associated with, PD. However, experimental animal studies indicate that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may have dopamine neurotoxic effects through the induction of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and an increase in the amount of α-Synuclein (αSYN) relevant to PD. The findings on the association between alcohol consumption and ALS are inconsistent; a recent population-based study suggests that alcohol drinking seems to not influence the risk of developing ALS. Additional research is needed to clarify the potential etiological involvement of alcohol intake in causing or resulting in major neurodegenerative diseases, which will eventually lead to potential therapeutics against these alcoholic neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Dairy consumption has been associated with an increased risk of PD in a number of studies and a recent meta‐analysis, possibly as a result of a greater intake of fat‐soluble toxicants. The evidence for association with dietary metal intake has been rather inconclusive so far, although a recent meta‐analysis suggested that high iron intake may be associated with increased risk in men and Western populations …”

Section: The Past 10 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment, lifestyle, and Parkinson's disease: Implications for prevention in the next decade

2019

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There is evidence from observational studies for a role of a number of environmental exposures and lifestyle habits in modulating the risk for Parkinson's disease. Environmental and lifestyle associations, if causal, represent opportunities for Parkinson's disease prevention or disease modification at individual and population levels. In the past decade, additional evidence has been published that improves causal inference and/or enhances our understanding of the complexity of these associations. A number of gene–environment interactions have been elucidated, and our understanding of the roles of physical activity, pesticide and other chemical exposures, dietary habits, emotional stress, head injury, and smoking has been refined. In the next decade, better techniques will help us to close the gaps in our knowledge, including taking into account Parkinson's disease heterogeneity and gene and risk factor interactions in observational studies. To do this, larger datasets, global consortia, genomewide environment interaction studies, prospective studies throughout the lifespan, and improvements in the methodology of clinical trials of physical activity will be key. Despite the caveats of observational studies, a number of low‐risk and potentially high‐yield recommendations for lifestyle modification could be made to minimize the individual and societal burdens of Parkinson's disease, including dietary modifications, increasing physical activity, and head injury avoidance. Furthermore, a reduction in pesticide use could have a major impact on global health related to and beyond Parkinson's disease. Given the increasing prevalence of this disorder, formulating and promoting these recommendations should be a high priority. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

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Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease

Abstract: Frequent consumption of dairy products appears to be associated with a modest increased risk of PD in women and men.

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Role of Alcohol Drinking in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Environment, lifestyle, and Parkinson's disease: Implications for prevention in the next decade

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