a b s t r a c tObjective: In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia. Methods: There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction. In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb. Results: Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these 26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response. Conclusion: Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds.

This study examines the extent to which entrepreneurial alertness mediates the effects of students’ proactive personalities and creativity on entrepreneurial intention. Drawing on a field survey of 735 Chinese undergraduates at 26 universities, this study provides evidence for the argument that entrepreneurial alertness has a fully mediation effect on the relationship between creativity, a proactive personality, and entrepreneurial intention. The findings shed light on the mechanisms that underpin entrepreneurial alertness and contribute to the literature on key elements of the entrepreneurial process.

Objective: To evaluate the expressions of nuclear factor nB (NF-nB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in relation to angiogenesis (microvessel density, MVD) and clinical outcomes in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify the protein expression levels of NF-nB p65, iNOS, and VEGF in 80 surgically resected ACCs and 20 normal salivary tissues. In all cases of ACCs, MVD was evaluated by counting CD34-reactive endothelial cells or endothelial cell clusters. Results: The nuclear localization of NF-nB p65 was only detected in ACC cells. Both iNOS and VEGF staining activities in ACCs were more significant than those in normal gland tissues (P < 0.01). MVD had significant correlations with NF-nB p65, iNOS, and VEGF expressions (P < 0.01). In three histologic types of ACCs, the NF-nB, iNOS,VEGF expressions, and MVD were significantly higher in solid type than in cribriform and tubular types (P < 0.01). The NF-nB, iNOS, VEGF expressions, and MVD were significantly correlated with clinical stage, tumor size, vascular invasion, recurrence, and metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed NF-nB, iNOS and VEGF expression, MVD, solid histotype, and perineural invasion had an independent prognostic effect on overall survival. Conclusion: The expressions of NF-nB p65, iNOS, and VEGF were related with MVD. Clinical outcomes raised the possibility that the overexpression of these cytokines might contribute to tumor angiogenesis and have prognostic value in ACCs.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov, COVID) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 quickly escalated into a global health emergency. This study seeks to investigate the attitudinal and behavioral patterns of university students in Wuhan, the epicenter. Conducted in late January 2020, an online survey collected data from more than 8000 students of four elite national universities located in Wuhan. The students sampled included both Wuhan natives and non-locals who returned home in the early stages of the outbreak. The study notes widespread psychological stress among students but positive behavioral compliance with personal hygiene practices. Official announcements were the chief source of information for the respondents, who also demonstrated high demand for transparency of information disclosure. Some highly tight anti-epidemic measures were found at the local level. Albeit aggressive to certain extent, they may be necessary under such critical circumstances. The respondents offered varying evaluations of the performance of central government, local governments, civil society, and the health system in this public health crisis. The article concludes with policy implications and caveats. ARTICLE HISTORY

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