Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia

Ackner, Brian; Harris, Arthur; Oldham, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(57)91070-x

Cited by 77 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…After the discovery of an effective antipsychotic neuroleptic, investigators became confident and bold enough to risk conducting adequately controlled studies of insulin coma. By excluding all confounders, they demonstrated that the crucial ingredients were the vastly better nursing care the insulin coma patients received, the better morale of their doctors and the social cohesion of the patient treatment groups (Cramand, 1987) rather than any effect of the insulin-induced coma per se (Ackner et al , 1957). The world literature reviewed by Koenig et al (2001) asserts that greater religious involvement reduces depressive symptomatology.…”

Section: Connection With Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Emotions, Spirituality and the Practice of Psychiatry

Vaillant¹

2008

Mens Sana Monogr

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This paper proposes that eight positive emotions: awe, love (attachment), trust (faith), compassion, gratitude, forgiveness, joy and hope constitute what we mean by spirituality. These emotions have been grossly ignored by psychiatry. The two sciences that I shall employ to demonstrate this definition of spirituality will be ethology and neuroscience. They are both very new. I will argue that spirituality is not about ideas, sacred texts and theology; rather, spirituality is all about emotion and social connection.Specific religions, for all their limitations, are often the portal through which positive emotions are brought into conscious attention. Neither Freud nor psychiatric textbooks ever mention emotions like joy and gratitude. Hymns and psalms give these emotions pride of place. Our whole concept of psychotherapy might change if clinicians set about enhancing positive emotions rather than focusing only on negative emotions.

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Section: Connection With Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Emotions, Spirituality and the Practice of Psychiatry

Vaillant¹

2008

Mens Sana Monogr

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“…Nine years later, a randomized controlled trial of ICT reported that there was no statistically significant difference in outcome when patients who had undergone ICT were compared with those who had been put into a barbiturate coma (Ackner et al . ). To opponents of ICT, this RCT provided definitive support for their case.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The nursing role in the use of insulin coma therapy for schizophrenia in Britain, 1936–1965

Adams

2014

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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“…Of these nine, six had finished a course of insulin coma, one a course of barbiturate treatment, and one a course of cardiazol treatment a week or two before being tested for the first time. There is no evidence that the type of physical treatment given affected the outcome (Ackner, Harris, and Oldham, 1957).…”

Section: Nufferno Test and Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to their clinical state they were divided into three groups, namely, recovered, residual defect, and still psychotic, as defined in a previous paper (Ackner, Harris, and Oldham, 1957). There is a trend towards the association of higher speeds on the unstressed version of the test with a more favourable outcome and of high stressgain scores with unfavourable outcome but the difference between the scores of the patients who later recovered and the scores of those who did not does not attain a satisfactory degree of statistical significance and is too small to render it useful in prediction.…”

Section: Nufferno Test and Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slowness in Schizophrenia

Harris¹,

Metcalfe²

1959

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Slowness is an abnormality which has been regularly and reliably demonstrated by psychometric tests in patients suffering from all forms of mental illness (Shapiro and Nelson, 1955a). In a previous enquiry we found that it was present in some schizophrenic patients and that those with inappropriate affect showed a greater tendency to it than the others (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956). Nufferno Speed TestIn this investigation we have used only the Nufferno speed test, which is designed to measure speed as distinct from general level of intelligence.It consists of 19 problems of the Thurstone letterseries type in each of which the patient is presented with series of letters and is required to add at the end of the series the letter which is appropriate to the sequence (Furneaux, 1955(Furneaux, , 1956).Every patient was tested on two versions of equal difficulty. In the first or unstressed version (AA) the patient is allowed to work at his own rate, but in the second or stressed version (AB) the examiner urges him to complete the task as quickly as possible.The score for each version is the mean of the logarithms of the times spent for the completion of the items correctly solved in each version. The higher the score, therefore, the slower the patient.Several workers have applied this test to schizophrenic subjects and all report a tendency for them to be slower than normals (Nelson, 1953;Ogilvie, 1954;Shapiro andNelson, 1955a, 1955b;Broadhurst, 1956 Metcalfe, 1956) showed that those of the patients whose affect was markedly inappropriate were grouped closely together in the slower part of the scale, whereas the scores of the patients with moderately inappropriate affect were scattered over a much greater range. Of the original 40 subjects attempting our test battery, one failed to complete the Nuffemo tests satisfactorily so had to be discarded for our present purpose.

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Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

Positive Emotions, Spirituality and the Practice of Psychiatry

Positive Emotions, Spirituality and the Practice of Psychiatry

The nursing role in the use of insulin coma therapy for schizophrenia in Britain, 1936–1965

Slowness in Schizophrenia

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