Insulin sensitivity at childhood predicts changes in total and central adiposity over a 6-year period

Abstract

Objective: To examine the associations of insulin resistance at childhood with adiposity changes over a 6-year period (from 9 to 15 years) in a sample of 659 Swedish and Estonian children (52.7% girls) participating in the European Youth Heart Study. Research, Design and Methods: We measured weight, height, waist circumference, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and medial calf skinfolds, and we calculated body mass index (BMI), sum of five skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Changes in puberty stage, sex, centre and the corresponding baseline adiposity values were used as confounders in all analysis. Results: HOMA-IR at childhood was significantly and positively associated with changes in BMI (b ¼ 0.265; P ¼ 0.024), sum of five skinfolds (b ¼ 0.3445; P ¼ 0.003), body fat percentage (b ¼ 1.042; P ¼ 0.016) and waist circumference (b ¼ 0.806; P ¼ 0.002) from childhood to adolescence. These relationships persisted when overweight children were excluded from the analysis. BMI, sum of five skinfolds, body fat percentage and waist circumference at childhood were not significantly associated with changes in HOMA-IR (P for all 40.1). Conclusions: These results give further support to the concept that lower insulin sensitivity at childhood may predict subsequent total and central adiposity gain at adolescence. These findings enhance the role of insulin sensitivity as a target of obesity prevention already from the first decades of life.

Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood

“…( 13 ) , breakfast skipping was associated with high fasting insulin. High fasting insulin may contribute to central obesity ( 32 ) . An experimental study by Pereira et al .…”

“…In the short-term randomized crossover trial by Farshchi et al (13) , breakfast skipping was associated with high fasting insulin. High fasting insulin may contribute to central obesity (32) . An experimental study by Pereira et al suggests that breakfast skipping, as well as breakfast quality, may have important effects on factors related to appetite control and glycaemic control (20) .…”

Fasting Plasma Insulin at 5 Years of Age Predicted Subsequent Weight Increase in Early Childhood over a 5-Year Period—The Da Qing Children Cohort Study

“…However, the CARDIA study examined 3095 young adults followed up for 7 years and found that an increase of 5 uU/ml in fasting insulin predicted a 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI after adjustment for race and gender [ 9 ]. Another relatively large sample size study reported that HOMA-IR significantly predicted total and central adiposity increased after 6 years follow-up in the Swedish children[ 11 ]. Johnson et al showed that increased fat mass were significantly associated with fasting insulin concentrations in a cohort of 83 Caucasian and 54 African children[ 20 ].…”

Asociación del peso bajo al nacimiento con los componentes del síndrome metabólico en niños con obesidad

“…El PBN se ha relacionado con un incremento en la ganancia de masa grasa y esto es independiente del IMCz 31 . En el presente estudio no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso al momento del estudio, pero sí se observó una tendencia a mayor CC en el grupo de niños con antecedente de PBN.…”