Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer?

Abstract

In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), namely of its papillary hystotype (PTC), has shown a steady increase worldwide, which has been attributed at least in part to the increasing diagnosis of early stage tumors. However, some evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors can also play a role. Among the potential risk factors involved in the changing epidemiology of TC, particular attention has been drawn to insulin-resistance and related metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which have been also rapidly increasing worldwide due to widespread dietary and lifestyle changes. In accordance with this possibility, various epidemiological studies have indeed gathered substantial evidence that insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders might be associated with an increased TC risk either through hyperinsulinemia or by affecting other TC risk factors including iodine deficiency, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, estrogen-dependent signaling, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and others. This review summarizes the current literature evaluating the relationship between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk for TC as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The potential implications of such association in TC prevention and therapy are discussed.

Relation between hysterectomy, oophorectomy and the risk of incident differentiated thyroid cancer: The E3N cohort

“…The increased risk of both thyroid cancer and fibroids in atomic bomb survivors illustrates this hypothesis 40. Increased insulin resistance or related hyperinsulinemia might be a common underlying factor shared by women with uterine fibroids which may predispose to the development of thyroid cancer as recently suggested 41.…”

A tale of two cinnamons: A comparative review of the clinical evidence of Cinnamomum verum and C. cassia as diabetes interventions

“…The majority of diabetes patients are affected by type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which mainly occurs among adults and is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and obesity (Kahn et al, 2006). Growing evidence suggests the association between insulin resistance and several clinical conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (Pauli et al, 2011), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Ballestri et al, 2016), various cancers (Malaguarnera et al, 2017;Vona-Davis et al, 2007) and their complications (e.g. muscle wasting cachexia (Honors and Kinzig, 2012)).…”

Rising Thyroid Disorders Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: Case-Control Study

“…T2DM is very common disease related to risk factor such as overweight, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, stress, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia ( Bener et al, 2009;Bener et al, 2016;Marrero, 2009;Wang et al, 2015;Centeno Maxzud et al, 2016;Sarfo-Kantanka et al, 2017;Ghazali & Abbiyesuku, 2010). Several authors reported that T2DM as risk factor for coronary heart disease and thyroid thyroid nodules (Akbar et al, 2006;Marrero, 2009 ;Papazafiropoulou et al, 2010;Ghazali & Abbiyesuku, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Centeno Maxzud et al, 2016;Sarfo-Kantanka et al, 2017;Malaguarnera et al, 2017). The range of thyroid disorders such as diabetes is very wide; and it is frequently does change in epidemiology, this has been observed by iodine levels seen in the population (Marrero, 2009;Weetman, 2011;Wang et al, 2015;Centeno Maxzud et al, 2016).…”

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid dysfunction are both the main threats world wide and affetc the health and economic of most developed and developing countries (Alberti et al, 2009;Bener et al, 2009). T2DM very rapidly increasing the risk of coronary heart diseases (Al-Wazzan et al, 2010;Bener at al., 2014;Bener et al, 2016) and thyroid dysfunction in the long term (Akbar et al, 2006;Marrero, 2009;Papazafiropoulou et al, 2010;Ghazali & Abbiyesuku, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Centeno Maxzud et al, 2016;Sarfo-Kantanka et al, 2017;Malaguarnera et al, 2017;Bener et al, 2018). Although, lifestyle factors, regular physical exercise, appropriate diet are main essential elements in the prevention of T2DM (Bener et al, 2016).…”

“…The concurrence of the two medical conditions in the same individual can lead to achieving good glycemic control and prevent the cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes. (Alberti et al, 2009;Bener et al, 2009;Bener et al, 2016) Although, several studies have shown a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction occurs in T2DM patients and vice-versa (Akbar et al, 2006;Papazafiropoulou et al, 2010;Ghazali & Abbiyesuku, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Malaguarnera et al, 2017).…”