Insulin and amino acids both strongly participate to the regulation of protein metabolism

Prod'homme, Magali; Rieu, Isabelle; Balage, Michèle; Dardevet, Dominique; Grizard, Jean

doi:10.1097/00075197-200401000-00012

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…They are the primary macro-nutrient that forms skeletal muscle, which in turn contains approximately 30-45% of total body protein and contributes to 20-35% of whole-body protein turnover. Both amino acids (AAs) and insulin have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating diurnal changes in skeletal muscle protein turnover [2], and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3751-0) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of insulin in the regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to investigate the role of insulin in regulating human skeletal muscle metabolism in health and diabetes. Methods We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of published data that examined changes in skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and/or muscle protein breakdown (MPB) in response to insulin infusion. Random-effects models were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs), 95% CIs and corresponding p values. Both MPS and MPB are reported in units of nmol (100 ml leg vol.)Results A total of 104 articles were examined in detail. Of these, 44 and 25 studies (including a total of 173 individuals) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. In the overall estimate, insulin did not affect MPS 8.55], p=0.71), but significantly reduced MPB .18], p<0.001). Overall, insulin significantly increased net balance protein acquisition (WMD 20.09 [95% CI 15.93,24.26], p<0.001). Subgroup analysis of the effect of insulin on MPS according to amino acid (AA) delivery was performed using meta-regression analysis. The estimate size (WMD) was significantly different between subgroups based on AA availability (p=0.001). An increase in MPS was observed when AA availability increased (WMD 13.44 [95% CI 4.07,22.81], p<0.01), but not when AA availability was reduced or unchanged. In individuals with diabetes and in the presence of maintained delivery of AA, there was a significant reduction in MPS in response to insulin (WMD −6.67 [95% CI −12.29, −0.66], p<0.05). Conclusions/interpretation This study demonstrates the complex role of insulin in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism. Insulin appears to have a permissive role in MPS in the presence of elevated AAs, and plays a clear role in reducing MPB independent of AA availability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of insulin in the regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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“…Hyperglycemia can also increase ADMA levels by inhibiting methylarginine intracellular enzymatic degradation by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (8). Finally, insulin and glucose availability have deep influence on the synthesis and degradation pathways of muscle protein and on oxidation of individual amino acids, especially branched chain (14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Treating hyperglycemia improves skeletal muscle protein metabolism in cancer patients after major surgery

Biolo

Cicco

Lorenzon

et al. 2008

Critical Care Medicine

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“…Accordingly, the dose-response curves for protein synthesis as a function of plasma insulin showed that the maximum insulin effect was obtained at very low insulin levels (12), and an additional increase in plasma insulin did not further increase protein synthesis. In other words, insulin appears to be a rather permissive modulator for protein synthesis (34,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole body leucine flux in HIV-infected patients treated with or without protease inhibitors

Prod'homme¹,

Rochon²,

Balage³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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The present study was carried out to assess the effects of protease inhibitor (PI) therapy on basal whole body protein metabolism and its response to acute amino acid-glucose infusion in 14 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Patients treated with PIs (PIϩ, 7 patients) or without PIs (PIϪ, 7 patients) were studied after an overnight fast during a 180-min basal period followed by a 140-min period of amino acid-glucose infusion. Protein metabolism was investigated by a primed constant infusion of L-[1-13 C]leucine. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for determination of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass measured body composition. In the postabsorptive state, whole body leucine balance was 2.5 times (P Ͻ 0.05) less negative in the PIϩ than in the PIϪ group. In HIV-infected patients treated with PIs, the oxidative leucine disposal during an acute amino acid-glucose infusion was lower (0.58 Ϯ 0.09 vs. 0.81 Ϯ 0.07 mol ⅐ kg FFM Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 using plasma [ 13 C]leucine enrichment, P ϭ 0.06; or 0.70 Ϯ 0.10 vs. 0.99 Ϯ 0.08 mol ⅐ kg FFM Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 using plasma [ 13 C]ketoisocaproic acid enrichment, P ϭ 0.04 in PIϩ and PIϪ groups, respectively) than in patients treated without PIs. Consequently, whole body nonoxidative leucine disposal (an index of protein synthesis) and leucine balance (0.50 Ϯ 0.10 vs. 0.18 Ϯ 0.06 mol ⅐ kg FFM ⅐ Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 in PIϩ and PIϪ groups respectively, P Ͻ 0.05) were significantly improved during amino acid-glucose infusion in patients treated with PIs.

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Insulin and amino acids both strongly participate to the regulation of protein metabolism

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Role of insulin in the regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Role of insulin in the regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Treating hyperglycemia improves skeletal muscle protein metabolism in cancer patients after major surgery

Whole body leucine flux in HIV-infected patients treated with or without protease inhibitors

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