Insular pathology in young people with high-functioning autism and first-episode psychosis

Parellada, Mara; Pina‐Camacho, Laura; Moreno, Carmen; Alemán, Yasser; Krebs, Marie‐Odile; Desco, Manuel; Merchán-Naranjo, Jessica; Rey-Mejías, Ángel Del; Boada, Leticia; Llorente, Cloe; Moreno, Dolores; Arango, Celso; Janssen, Joost

doi:10.1017/s0033291717000988

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…For instance, lower grey matter volume in the limbic-striato-thalamic circuitry is common to schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders, 16 and reduced volume and thickness of the insula have been found in patients with first-episode psychosis and in high-functioning patients with autism-spectrum disorders. 17 Similar alterations to the white matter integrity of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus have recently been found in patients with schizophrenia and in patients with autism-spectrum disorders. Scaffolding proteins represent an evolutionary solution to controlling the specificity of information transfer in intracellular networks.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Soler

Fañanás

Parellada

et al. 2018

jpn

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Soler

Fañanás

Parellada

et al. 2018

jpn

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“…We previously reported on a transdiagnostic anterior and posterior insular volume deficit in the ASD and EO‐FEP sample (sample 1) (Parellada et al, ). The current study extends these findings by showing that insular volume deficits are caused by decreases in SA and, to a lesser degree, by deficits in CT and that these two types of deficits are largely independent (i.e., spatial nonoverlap) from each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies and meta‐analyses conducted in either ASD or psychotic disorders have reported additional cortical and subcortical deficits in several regions, including frontal regions, the cingulum, the hippocampus, and the amygdala, among others (Bora et al, ; Ecker et al, ; Radua et al, ; Via, Radua, Cardoner, Happe, & Mataix‐Cols, ). However, incongruent results have been reported when the neuroanatomy of individuals with ASD, psychotic disorders and typically developing subjects (TD) was directly (i.e., within‐study, single scanner and acquisition protocol) compared (Katz et al, ; Mitelman et al, ; Parellada et al, ; Radeloff et al, ). The majority of these studies focused on adults and used volumetric brain measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical deficits shared by youth with autism spectrum disorders and psychotic disorders

Díaz‐Caneja

Schnack

Martínez

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early-onset psychosis (EOP) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share genetic, clinical and cognitive facets; it is unclear if these disorders also share spatially overlapping cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) abnormalities. MRI scans of 30 ASD, 29 patients with early-onset first-episode psychosis (EO-FEP) and 26 typically developing controls (TD) (age range 10-18 years) were analyzed by the FreeSurfer suite to calculate vertex-wise estimates of CT, SA, and cortical volume. Two publicly available datasets of ASD and EOP (age range 7-18 years and 5-17 years, respectively) were used for replication analysis.ASD and EO-FEP had spatially overlapping areas of cortical thinning and reduced SA in the bilateral insula (all p's < .00002); 37% of all left insular vertices presenting with significant cortical thinning and 20% (left insula) and 61% (right insula) of insular vertices displaying decreased SA overlapped across both disorders. In both disorders, SA deficits contributed more to cortical volume decreases than reductions in CT did. This finding, as well as the novel finding of an absence of spatial overlap (for ASD) or marginal overlap (for EOP) of deficits in CT and SA, was replicated in the two nonoverlapping independent samples. The insula appears to be a region with transdiagnostic vulnerability for deficits in CT and SA. The finding of nonexistent or small spatial overlap between CT and SA deficits in young people with ASD and psychosis may point to the involvement of common aberrant early neurodevelopmental mechanisms in their pathophysiology.

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“…Structural neuroimaging studies have linked poor insight to reduced volume in several areas, including frontal 104,106,107 , temporal 107,108 , parietal 104,107 and occipital 107 regions, the thalamus 101 , basal ganglia 104 and cerebellum 107 , in both first-episode psychosis 109 and chronic schizophrenia 107 .…”

Section: Abnormalities In Brain Function As a Root Of Poor Insightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments

et al. 2018

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Poor insight in schizophrenia is prevalent across cultures and phases of illness. In this review, we examine the recent research on the relationship of insight with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, on its complex roots, and on the effects of existing and emerging treatments. This research indicates that poor insight predicts poorer treatment adherence and therapeutic alliance, higher symptom severity and more impaired community function, while good insight predicts a higher frequency of depression and demoralization, especially when coupled with stigma and social disadvantage. This research also suggests that poor insight may arise in response to biological, experiential, neuropsychological, social-cognitive, metacognitive and socio-political factors. Studies of the effects of existing and developing treatments indicate that they may influence insight. In the context of earlier research and historical models, these findings support an integrative model of poor insight. This model suggests that insight requires the integration of information about changes in internal states, external circumstances, others' perspectives and life trajectory as well as the multifaceted consequences and causes of each of those changes. One implication is that treatments should, beyond providing education, seek to assist persons with schizophrenia to integrate the broad range of complex and potentially deeply painful experiences which are associated with mental illness into their own personally meaningful, coherent and adaptive picture.

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Insular pathology in young people with high-functioning autism and first-episode psychosis

Abstract: The shared reduced volume and thickness in the anterior and posterior regions of the insula in ASD and FEP provides the first tentative evidence that these conditions share structural pathology that may be linked to shared symptomatology.

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Neuroanatomical deficits shared by youth with autism spectrum disorders and psychotic disorders

Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments

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