Instruments and methods in outdoor thermal comfort studies – The need for standardization

Johansson, Erik; Thorsson, Sofia; Emmanuel, Rohinton; Krüger, Eduardo Leite

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2013.12.002

Cited by 359 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The thermal comfort is affected by climate variables (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, dewpoint or relative humidity and the wind flow), personal variables (clothes and activities, adaptation and acclimatization) [13]. Indoor thermal comfort is different from the outdoor [14] [19]. Some indoor thermal comfort indexes are able to measure outdoor thermal comfort [11].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City

Erna

Antariksa

Surjono

et al. 2016

JIA

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Malang as the second largest city in East Java province become crowded recently. The congestion almost happens everyday. The scenery of the street corridor is full of iron stacks. It is said that Malang city is less comfortable and less walkable. The decrease of this environment encourages conduct the study (Q.S. 16:90, Q.S. 96:1-5, Q.S. 30:41). The study aimed to analyze the thermal comfort at pedestrian ways around Malang city squares, the street corridor of Merdeka Alun-Alun (MAA) and the Tugu Alun-Alun (TAA). The temperature and relative humidity were measured by multinorm instrument. The THI (Temperature Humidity Index) method was used to analyze the thermal comfort. The results showed that the THI average at TAA (27) were more comfortable than at MAA (27,5). The south side of the MAA corridor became the most comfortable with the THI value of 26,4, which the side covered by trees canopy (Q.S. 7:58). It needs to conduct next research (Q.S. 13:11), because of the change of the activities in these street corridors.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City

Erna

Antariksa

Surjono

et al. 2016

JIA

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“…For these reasons, the PMV is one of the most widely used indexes to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort [59]. Becker et al [60] evaluated the correlation of observed and calculated thermal sensation values according to this index for four different locations in the area of Kibbutz Yotvata (Israel) and they found that the correlation coefficient ranged between 0.60 and 0.81 with an average of 0.70.…”

Section: The Pmvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Urban Microclimate Mitigation Strategies through a PMV Analysis

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Outdoor thermal comfort affects the health of the people and the quality of life in urban areas. This is the reason why in the past few years different mitigation strategies for the microclimate have been studied and examined. These strategies depend on those passive factors characterizing the urban setting that are able to affect the values of local meteorological variables, as the limit surfaces of the urban space (parterre and façades of the buildings). This paper examines the Cloister by Giuliano da Sangallo, which is part of the Faculty of Engineering of Sapienza University of Rome. The case study compares the present configuration of the Cloister with four other configurations characterized by some vegetation and materials with a high albedo by taking into consideration the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) model. Microclimatic variables are calculated through numerical simulations performed by the ENVI-met software. Such a comparison is performed during a typical summer day. While examining the results it can be noticed how the strategy presenting the best results is the one with some vegetation, whereas the materials with a high albedo improve the microclimate if applied on surfaces characterized by a high sky view factor. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 9013

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“…1), and playgrounds may become microscale heat islands that enhance, rather than mitigate, the larger urban heat island effect (UHI) (e.g., Moogk-Soulis, 2010). On clear, warm days with direct solar radiation, exposure to the mean radiant temperature (T mrt )-the combination of all short-and long-wave radiant fluxes (Thorsson, Honjo, Lindberg, Eliasson, & Lim, 2007)-becomes the most significant agent of heat gain to humans (Johansson, Thorsson, Emmanuel, & Krüger, 2014;Kántor & Unger, 2011;Mayer & Höppe, 1987), as well as to surfaces. The open design of urban parks with high radiant heat loads does not provide conducive spaces for safe physical activity and thermal comfort compared to shaded areas on warm-hot days (Koppe & Jendritzky, 2005;Matzarakis & Endler, 2010;Vanos, 2015;Vanos, Warland, Gillespie, Slater, et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Vanos

Middel

McKercher

et al. 2016

Landscape and Urban Planning

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h i g h l i g h t s• A mismatch exists between remotely sensed and in situ urban surface temperatures (T s ).• The hottest T s in a Phoenix area neighborhood were found on playground surfaces.• Children are more vulnerable to the effects of heat stress and high T s than adults.• Shade of any type is found effective in reducing T s and improving thermal safety.• Data must be collected at the touch-scale for spatially accurate high T s mitigation. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tObjectives: To provide novel quantification and advanced measurements of surface temperatures (T s ) in playgrounds, employing multiple scales of data, and provide insight into hot-hazard mitigation techniques and designs for improved environmental and public health. Methods: We conduct an analysis of T s in two Metro-Phoenix playgrounds at three scales: neighborhood (1 km resolution), microscale (6.8 m resolution), and touch-scale (1 cm resolution). Data were derived from two sources: airborne remote sensing (neighborhood and microscale) and in situ (playground site) infrared T s (touch-scale). Metrics of surface-to-air temperature deltas ( T s-a ) and scale offsets (errors) are introduced. Results: Select in situ T s in direct sunlight are shown to approach or surpass values likely to result in burns to children at touch-scales much finer than T s resolved by airborne remote sensing. Scale offsets based on neighbourhood and microscale ground observations are 3.8 • C and 7.3 • C less than the T s-a at the 1 cm touch-scale, respectively, and 6.6 • C and 10.1 • C lower than touch-scale playground equipment T s , respectively. Hence, the coarser scales underestimate high T s within playgrounds. Both natural (tree) and artificial (shade sail) shade types are associated with significant reductions in T s . Conclusions: A scale mismatch exists based on differing methods of urban T s measurement. The sub-meter touch-scale is the spatial scale at which data must be collected and policies of urban landscape design and health must be executed in order to mitigate high T s in high-contact environments such as playgrounds. Shade implementation is the most promising mitigation technique to reduce child burns, increase park usability, and mitigate urban heating.

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Instruments and methods in outdoor thermal comfort studies – The need for standardization

Cited by 359 publications

References 42 publications

Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City

Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City

Evaluation of Different Urban Microclimate Mitigation Strategies through a PMV Analysis

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

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