“…But we know the value of this sort of work. If we consider research from the various fields of dialogic engagement, collaborative problem-solving, collaborative reasoning, collaborative knowledge building, and philosophy for children, we can claim that dialogic conversations (in which multiple perspectives, including disagreements, are confronted in order to advance understanding) improve children’s: - reasoning ability and creative thinking (Mercer, Wegerif, & Dawes, 1999; Wegerif, 2005);
- use of analogical reasoning (Lin et al, 2012);
- comprehension (Rojas-Drummond, Mazón, Littleton, & Vélez, 2014);
- conceptual understanding and reasoning in science and math (Mercer, Dawes, Wegerif, & Sams, 2004; Mercer & Sams, 2008; Osborne & Chin, 2010);
- expressive language and willingness to speak in public (Trickey & Topping, 2004);
- persuasiveness and frequency of providing reasons and evidence, and productive rhetorical strategies (all of which transfer to writing; Dong et al, 2009; Latawiec, Anderson, Shufeng, & Kim, 2016);
- acquisition and use of academic vocabulary especially in children from underserved communities (Ma, Anderson et al, 2017);
- quality of moral reasoning (Xin et al, 2013);
- confidence and self-esteem (Trickey & Topping, 2006);
- ability to lead problem-solving groups to produce better solutions (Sun, Anderson, Perry, & Lin, 2017);
- perspective taking and willingness to consider others’ ideas (Johnson & Johnson, 2009) which leads to more positive dispositions toward peers and a reduction in stereotyping and bias against out-groups (Galinsky & Moskowitz, 2000; Todd & Galinsky, 2014); and
- quality of interpersonal relationships across ethnic subgroups and between handicapped and nonhandicapped students (Johnson & Johnson, 1981a, 1981b).
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