Institutions of Direct Democracy and Accountability in Latin America's Presidential Democracies

Breuer, Anita

doi:10.1080/13510340701398287

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…These controls are divided into three groups. The first group includes variables related to past political behavior and political preferences, which have been argued to be central in explaining both attitudes toward peace in Colombia (Liendo and Braithwaite 2018;Weintraub et al 2015) and voting behavior in Latin American referendums more generally (Breuer 2007;Durán-Martínez 2012). In particular, we control for the percentage of votes per municipality supporting Santos in the second round of the 2014 presidential elections and for referendum turnout.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum

Seguer¹,

Masullo²

2020

Lat Am Polit Soc

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Does exposure to violence affect attitudes toward peace? Civilians living in war zones see peace agreements as an opportunity to improve their security prospects. However, in multiparty conflicts, this does not automatically translate into support for peace. Support hinges on the interplay between which faction has victimized civilians in the past and which faction is sitting at the negotiation table. If civilians have been victimized by the group that is involved in the peace agreement, they will be likely to support peace. On the contrary, if they have been victimized by another faction, they will be likely to refrain from supporting peace if they believe that this can trigger retaliatory violence against them. This article explores this argument empirically in the context of the 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC; both quantitative and qualitative data yield support to the study’s theoretical expectations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum

Seguer¹,

Masullo²

2020

Lat Am Polit Soc

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“…Unlike much of Latin America, where mechanisms of direct democracy became part of the institutional landscape during the period of electoral democratization (Breuer, 2007), direct forms of citizen participation remained limited in El Salvador. The country lacked a grassroots recall process, for example, and citizen groups could not introduce bills directly (Artiga González, 2007, 335-37;ES0117).…”

Section: From the Streets To The Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Streets to the Chamber: Social Movements and the Mining Ban in El Salvador

Spalding

2018

ERLACS

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Following an extended anti-mining campaign, El Salvador became the first country to adopt a legal ban on all forms of metallic mining. This article uses process tracing to map direct, indirect and mediated linkages between the anti-mining mobilization and the formal adoption of a mining prohibition by the national legislature in 2017. It draws on 78 interviews with campaign activists, legislators, government officials, business leaders and legal teams, and combines this information with legislative documents and reports, public opinion data, legal documents from an investment dispute filed against the Salvadoran government, and blogs and website of the Mesa Nacional Frente a la Minería Metálica. This analysis gives particular attention to the spatial reach and breadth of the anti-mining networks; fissures within and situational realignment of the political elite; and the strategic use of diverse institutional openings (docking points), some of which were adapted to new purposes by movement entrepreneurs. Although major obstacles to sustainable development and environmental protection remain in El Salvador, this article identifies a set of iterative interactions between activist alliances and institutional actors that can successfully contribute to policy change.

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“…Further, the decision to hold a referendum is framed by a general decline in support for Colombian political parties (Holmes and Gutiérrez De Piñeres 2012). The referendum was an attempt to legitimate both the president and his agenda and was not just a means to obtain a popular vote on a specific decision (Breuer 2007). Although Santos had won re-election in the second round with almost 51 percent of the vote in 2014, the closeness of the results meant that Santos had to look for support among other parties to create a governing coalition.…”

Section: Referendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposition Support and the Experience of Violence Explain Colombian Peace Referendum Results

Dávalos

Morales²,

Holmes³

et al. 2018

Journal of Politics in Latin America

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What factors led to the surprise defeat of the Colombian peace referendum? Initial analyses suggested a link between support for peace and the experience of violence, but economic conditions and political support for incumbent parties also affect electoral outcomes. We use Bayesian hierarchical models to test links between referendum result and previous violence victimization, economic conditions, and support for Centro Democrático (the main party opposed to the peace agreement). There was less support for peace in the Andean region than in other regions, and departments with lower support had higher unemployment and growth in GDP. Support for the opposition was the dominant covariate of decreasing support for the peace accords, while previous violence victimization increased the proportion of votes for peace. In light of these results, regional variation in baseline support for the agreements -a complex variable governed by partisan engagement but also influenced by structural economic factors -will be critical during implementation of the newly revised accords.

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Institutions of Direct Democracy and Accountability in Latin America's Presidential Democracies

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum

Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum

From the Streets to the Chamber: Social Movements and the Mining Ban in El Salvador

Opposition Support and the Experience of Violence Explain Colombian Peace Referendum Results

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