Institutional stepping stones for democracy: how and why multipartyism enhances democratic change

Shock to the system: Coups, elections, and war on the road to democratization

“…This argument extends earlier research on how different forms of regime threats interact with authoritarian institutions to produce varying democratic outcomes (e.g., Knutsen et al., 2017; Teorell, 2010; Teorell & Wahman, 2018; Wright & Escribà‐Folch, 2012).…”

“…This argument extends earlier research on how different forms of regime threats interact with authoritarian institutions to produce varying democratic outcomes (e.g.,Knutsen et al, 2017;Teorell, 2010;Teorell & Wahman, 2018;Wright & Escribà-Folch, 2012).3 For instance, as a scholar of politics in Malawi and Zambia, I am not sure either one of these cases has had a decisive moment of democratic transition beyond the initial implementation of multiparty elections.…”

Opposing Power

“…A united opposition can mean maintaining pressure for continued liberalization or erecting a bulwark against democratic erosion (Bermeo 2016;Dresden and Howard 2016;Gandhi 2018;Levitsky and Ziblatt 2018;Lührmann and Lindberg 2019;Mechkova, Lührmann, and Lindberg 2017;Waldner and Lust 2018). Autocrats recognize that if their opponents coordinate to attempt to oust them, their days at the top of the pyramid are numbered (Howard and Roessler 2006;Bunce and Wolchik 2011;Teorell and Wahman 2018;Donno 2013;Wahman 2013;Stepan 2016). Conversely, if opposition parties remain divided, then there are scant prospects for constructing or preserving democracy (Magaloni 2006;Ziegfeld and Tudor 2017;Lust 2004Lust , 2005Svolik 2019; Gamboa 2017).…”

“…Nor does alliance formation and incumbent defeat guarantee democratization (Wahman 2013;Sato and Wahman 2019). What we do know, however, is that the process of democratization is a long-term, careening process played by frequently vacillating characters (Schedler 2002b;Slater 2013;Teorell and Wahman 2018;Ziblatt 2017).…”

Instruments of quantification of the political regime types within the security studies

“…Инструменти квантификације политичких режима у студијама безбедности 91 Детаљну типологију ове базе описују Вахман Михаел (Wahman Michael) и сарадници (Wahman et al, 2013), а истраживачка пракса обилује емпиријским студијама које користе податке ове базе, па су истраживани феномени различити, од општијег приступа и уочавања праксе стварања и одржавања аутократских режима (Axel, Teorell, 2007), затим објашњења феномена избора у вишестраначким аутократијама (Schedler, 2013), до конкретнијих проблема експликације међуодноса вишестраначја и утицаја странака у демократским државама на рационално понашање актера у унутардржавним пословима (Teorell, Wahman, 2018).…”