Inspirations of Biomimetic Affinity Ligands: A Review

Abstract

Affinity chromatography is a well-known method dependent on molecular recognition and is used to purify biomolecules by mimicking the specific interactions between the biomolecules and their substrates. Enzyme substrates, cofactors, antigens, and inhibitors are generally utilized as bioligands in affinity chromatography. However, their cost, instability, and leakage problems are the main drawbacks of these bioligands. Biomimetic affinity ligands can recognize their target molecules with high selectivity. Their cost-effectiveness and chemical and biological stabilities make these antibody analogs favorable candidates for affinity chromatography applications. Biomimetics applies to nature and aims to develop nanodevices, processes, and nanomaterials. Today, biomimetics provides a design approach to the biomimetic affinity ligands with the aid of computational methods, rational design, and other approaches to meet the requirements of the bioligands and improve the downstream process. This review highlighted the recent trends in designing biomimetic affinity ligands and summarized their binding interactions with the target molecules with computational approaches.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for Protein Detection

“…This process results in polymeric materials containing micro- or nano-sized cavities that match the functionality, shape, and size of the template molecule. These cavities are used for the selective binding of target species structurally and chemically similar to the original template analyte [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Numerous methods have been developed to prepare MIPs, which are categorized as covalent, non-covalent, semi-covalent, and metal–ion exchange imprinting methods.…”

Advanced hitchhiking nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…In addition to ligand-receptor interactions, a positive targeting strategy can also be employed to hitchhike circulatory cells. This approach initially anchors affinity ligands such as biotin, aptamers, antibodies, or peptides onto the cell membranes 90 . Subsequently, nanomaterials can be site-specifically adsorbed onto the cells by interacting with these ligands and their corresponding receptors 91 .…”

Lysozyme Imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Cryogel Membrane with the Assistance of polydopamine

“…For this purpose, the dry cryogel to be investigated was weighted (mdry) and the dry cryogel was immersed in DW for 2 h at RT [23]. After 2 h, the weight of swollen cryogel was recorded (mwet) and the swelling rate of the desired cryogel was calculated with equation (1).…”

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M olecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a versatile technique to design or create specific recognition cavities that recognized the template molecules with high specificity and selectivity like natural antibodies [1,2]. Before the design of tailor-made receptors, the functional monomer/s are pre-organized with the template to be recognized and the polymerization has occurred with the suitable polymer precourses.

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