Insights to helminth infections in food and companion animals in Bangladesh: Occurrence and risk profiling

Nath, Tilak Chandra; Eom, Keeseon S.; Choe, Seongjun; Islam, Saiful; Sabuj, Siblee Sadik; Saha, Eva; Tuhin, Rumman Hossain; Ndosi, Barakaeli Abdieli; Kang, Yujin; Kim, Sunmin; Bia, Mohammed Mebarek; Park, Hansol; Lee, Dongmin

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00245

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Available evidence suggests that this is a predominant age group for pig owners in parts of Bangladesh [44]. Another study found that the level of knowledge regarding disease prevention and biosecurity practices is low among animal owners in selected areas of Bangladesh, including Chattogram [45]. While this evidence regarding exposure to possible animal reservoirs of zoonotic HEV may explain the increased risk of HEV infection among this age group, the relationship between age and HEV infection in the current study context is unclear.…”

Section: Association Between Risk Of Hev Infection and Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemiological Profile of a Human Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak in 2018, Chattogram, Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne zoonotic disease that can result in a high fatality rate in pregnant women and infants. In 2018, a large HEV outbreak emerged in Chattogram, Bangladesh, resulting in 2800 cases and a significant public health response to mitigate the transmission. While the source of the outbreak remained poorly understood, authorities suggested that possible risk factors for HEV infection included contamination of water supply, exacerbated by concurrent severe flooding events in the community. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the distribution and risk factors for HEV seroprevalence between January and December 2018 in the Chattogram city area. A total of 505 blood samples were collected from symptomatic patients of 10 hospitals who met the case definition for an HEV infection. Standard ELISA tests were performed in all patients to identify anti-HEV antibodies. The size and location of HEV seroprevalence clusters within Chattogram were investigated using SaTScan. We investigated the association between risk of HEV infection and individual and environmentally lagged risk factors using Bernoulli generalised linear regression models. Our results indicate an overall HEV seroprevalence of 35% with significant variation according to sex, source of drinking water, and boiling of drinking water. A positive cross-correlation was found between HEV exposure and precipitation, modified normalised difference water index (MNDWI), and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our model indicated that risk of infection was associated with sex, age, source of drinking water, boiling of water, increased precipitation, and increased MNDWI. The results from this study indicate that source and boiling of drinking water and increased precipitation were critical drivers of the 2018 HEV outbreak. The communities at highest risk identified in our analyses should be targeted for investments in safe water infrastructure to reduce the likelihood of future HEV outbreaks in Chattogram.

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Section: Association Between Risk Of Hev Infection and Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemiological Profile of a Human Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak in 2018, Chattogram, Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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“…In the present study, a large proportion of examined samples were found to contain A. caninum DNA. Through microscopic analysis of dog feces from several districts of Bangladesh, Singh et al 12 and Nath et al 15 found that hookworms prevalence was 79.1% and 78.9%, respectively. Contaminated soil was reported as the main route by which hookworms infect humans, however, negligence in performing diagnostics is common in endemic disadvantaged communities 16 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Nath

Eom

Choe

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Accurate diagnosis by precise identification of causative agents is essential for the effectiveness of any control interventions. Despite high zoonotic potential, available literature on hookworms in Bangladesh is still scarce and nonspecific. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of hookworms in public locations across northeastern Bangladesh (Sylhet metropolitan area) using integrated parasitological and molecular assays. A total of 130 samples (80 soil and 50 environmental canine feces) were collected and examined using modified flotation technique and formalin-ether sedimentation methods. Modified plate culture was used to isolate larvae. The identification was made based on morphometric features and confirmed by amplifying the ITS region of the nuclear rDNA. Overall, 66.2% (86/130) of examined samples were positive for hookworms infection. Characteristic eggs (61–68 × 29–37 μm) and/or larvae of hookworms were observed in 73.8% (59/80) soils and 54.0% (27/50) environmental fecal samples. Rhabditiform larvae (0.48–0.54 × 0.04–0.07 mm) were observed in cultured samples. Genetic analysis of rDNA sequences revealed the presence of Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum. In this study, hookworms' contamination of the public environment was substantial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular proof of A. caninum and A. ceylanicum observed in urban public environment in Bangladesh.

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“…Some other blood-borne parasitic infections, such as trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and filariasis, are also responsible for millions of cases each year and have a high disease burden (Drame et al, 2016;Theel and Pritt, 2016). Intestinal infections such as giardiasis, amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and helminthic infection are more common in tropical and nontropical regions (Suntaravitun and Dokmaikaw, 2018;Chen et al, 2022;Nath et al, 2022). The incidence rate is high in low income countries and areas of poor sanitation (Kamau et al, 2012;Hajare et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic activity of the iron-containing milk protein lactoferrin and its potential derivatives against human intestinal and blood parasites

Anand

2024

Front. Parasitol.

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An iron-containing milk protein named lactoferrin (Lf) has demonstrated antiparasitic and immunomodulatory properties against a variety of human parasites. This protein has shown its capability to bind and transport iron molecules in the vicinity of the host–pathogen environment. The ability of parasites to sequester the iron molecule and to increase their pathogenicity and survival depends on the availability of iron sources. Lf protein has suggested a iron chelating effect on parasites iron and, hence, has shown its antiparasitic effect. Since the parasites have a complex life cycle and have developed drug resistance, vaccines and other treatments are a handful. Therefore, therapeutic research focusing on natural treatment regimens that target the parasite and are non-toxic to host cells is urgently needed. The antiparasitic efficacy of Lf protein has been extensively studied over the past 40 years using both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review article highlighted past important studies on Lf protein that revealed its potential antiparasitic activity against various intracellular and extracellular intestinal or blood-borne human parasites. This review article structures the role of Lf protein in its various forms, such as native, peptide, and nanoformulation, laying the groundwork for its function as an antiparasitic agent and its possible known mechanisms of action.

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Insights to helminth infections in food and companion animals in Bangladesh: Occurrence and risk profiling

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Epidemiological Profile of a Human Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak in 2018, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Epidemiological Profile of a Human Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak in 2018, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Antiparasitic activity of the iron-containing milk protein lactoferrin and its potential derivatives against human intestinal and blood parasites

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