Insights into Triterpene Acids in Fermented Mycelia of Edible Fungus Poria cocos by a Comparative Study

Jin, Jian; Zhou, Rongrong; Xie, Jing; Ye, Huixuan; Liang, Xuejuan; Zhong, Can; Shen, Bingbing; Qin, You; Zhang, Shuihan; Huang, Luqi

doi:10.3390/molecules24071331

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All the constituents identified in our present study were in agreement with those identified in previous reports [ 9 , 16 , 26 , 27 ]. Polyporenic acid C inhibits M-CSF and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in BMMs [ 28 ], while pachymic acid enhances odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization via induction of heme oxygenase-1 [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Figure 3 and Table 1, the PC used in our study contained 10 triterpenoids, including 6α-hydroxypolyporenic acid C, dehydrotumulosic acid, poricoic acid A, polyporenic acid C, 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydroeburicoic acid, and eburicoic acid, as determined using mass spectra and retention times. All the constituents identified in our present study were in agreement with those identified in previous reports [9,16,26,27]. Polyporenic acid C inhibits M-CSF and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in BMMs [28], while pachymic acid enhances odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization via induction of heme oxygenase-1 [29].…”

Section: Phytochemical Constituents Of Pcsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The phytochemical constituents in PC were identified using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 system coupled with a Thermo Q-Exactive mass spectrometer as described previously with some modifications [ 16 ]. An Acquity BEH C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile was used, and gradient elution was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poria Cocos Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro

et al. 2020

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Estrogen deprivation in postmenopausal women causes disruption of bone homeostasis, resulting in bone loss and osteoporosis. Conventional therapies can exert adverse effects. The sclerotum of Poria cocos has been used in traditional medicine and as a nutritional supplement and to treat various diseases. However, the effects of P. cocos on the bone remain largely undetermined. In this study, we examined the effects of P. cocos hydroethanolic extract (PC) on osteoclast differentiation and estrogen-deprivation-induced bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PC-mediated inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity suppressed RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation. In ovariectomized mice, PC markedly alleviated trabecular bone loss and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the bone marrow. We additionally identified ten triterpenoid constituents of PC using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Our results indicate that PC negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation and function, and can potentially be used to manage postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Phytochemical Constituents Of Pcsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Poria Cocos Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro

et al. 2020

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“…The genes for the lanosterol biosynthesis pathway were predicted through NR and KEGG analysis (Supplementary Table 4). A previous study disclosed that the types and content of triterpenoids in the EP were significantly higher than those in the IP and MYC (Jin et al, 2019). It may be closely related to the significantly high expression of triterpene biosynthetic pathways.…”

Section: Nutrition Utilization and Substance Synthesismentioning

confidence: 88%

Genomic and Transcriptomic Insight of Giant Sclerotium Formation of Wood-Decay Fungi

Cao

Yang

Bi³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Many fungi form persistent and dormant sclerotia with compact hardened mycelia during unfavorable circumstances. While most of these sclerotia are small in size, Wolfiporia cocos, a wood-decay fungus, grows into giant sclerotia, which are mainly composed of polysaccharides of linear (1→3)-β-D-glucans. To explore the underlying mechanism of converting sophisticated wood polysaccharides for biosynthesis of highly homogenized glucans in W. cocos, we sequenced and assembled the genome of a cultivated W. cocos strain (WCLT) in China. The 62-Mb haploid genome contains 44.2% repeat sequences, of which, 48.0% are transposable elements (TEs). Contrary to the genome of W. cocos from North America, WCLT has independently undergone a partial genome duplication (PGD) event. The large-scale TE insertion and PGD occurrence overlapped with an archeological Pleistocene stage of low oxygen and high temperature, and these stresses might have induced the differences in sclerotium due to geographical distribution. The wood decomposition enzymes, as well as sclerotium-regulator kinases, aquaporins, and highly expanded gene families such as NAD-related families, together with actively expressed 1,3-β-glucan synthase for sclerotium polysaccharides, all have contributed to the sclerotium formation and expansion. This study shall inspire further exploration on how fungi convert wood into simple glucans in the sclerotium of W. cocos.

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“…Many studies have been conducted to examine the influence of different conditions on P. cocos culture, including medium composition, temperature, and environmental conditions [19][20][21]. The liquid culture of P. cocos has been proven as a potential way for the production of triterpenoids [22]. However, there has been no reports simultaneously comparing the terpenoids and polysaccharides as well as essential oil compositions between liquid cultured mycelia and cultivated sclerotium.In this study, the contents of polysaccharide and triterpenoids and the composition of essential oil were simultaneously compared between fermented mycelia and artificial cultivated sclerotium of P. cocos.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies on Polysaccharides, Triterpenoids, and Essential Oil from Fermented Mycelia and Cultivated Sclerotium of a Medicinal and Edible Mushroom, Poria Cocos

Wang

Huang²,

Zhao

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Poria cocos, an important medicinal and edible fungus, is well known in East Asia. The main active components are water-soluble polysaccharides (WPS) and triterpenoids. Due to the growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, alternative methods for producing P. cocos or its active components should be investigated. In this study, WPS, triterpenoids, monosaccharide composition, and essential oil in fermented mycelia and cultivated sclerotium were analyzed using UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, pre-column derivatization, and HS-GC/MS, respectively. Our results showed that the WPS and triterpenoids in mycelia are several times higher than those in sclerotium. Among the 62 compounds identified by HS-GC/MS analysis from the essential oil obtained from the fermentation media and a fresh external layer, the two main fragrances in common were linalool and methyl phenylacetate. Our results suggested that it is applicable to produce polysaccharides and triterpenoids by the fermentation of P. cocos, and a strategy to improve triterpenoid production in the fermentation process was proposed.Molecules 2020, 25, 1269 2 of 12 by 11.5-18.5% and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity when fed for 7 weeks at the daily dose of 100-200 mg/Kg in liver cancae male Wistar rats [12]. Recently, APS was reported to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice via the modulation of gut microbiota [13]. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), another kind of water-soluble polysaccharide, is produced in the media during the liquid fermentation of P. cocos, and it has also been reported to have anti-tumor activity both in vivo (Sarcoma-180 solid tumors implanted in BALB/c mice, a immune deficient inbred mice line) and in vitro (HL-60 tumor cells) [6] as well as antioxidant activities [14]. Triterpenoids are reported to be responsible for the diuretic [15], anti-tumor [16], and anti-inflammatory activities [8] of P. cocos. More than 50 triterpenoids have been purified from P. cocos, derived from lanostane or secolanostane skeletons [17]. A more systematic introduction about the chemistry and pharmacology activity of P.cocos has been reviewed [17]. The main constituents are dehydrotumulosic acid (DTA), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (eDTA), and polyporenic acid C (PAC) [18].As a consequence of its nutritional and health values, P. cocos has gained wide popularity as a nutraceutical and functional food in China. Normally, P. cocos grows underground around the roots or dried trunks of pine trees and needs a long cultivation period of about 7 months. In recent decades, the fermentation culture of P. cocos has been developed because of the potential for the increased production of mycelia and bioactive components in a compact space and in a shorter period of time. Many studies have been conducted to examine the influence of different conditions on P. cocos culture, including medium composition, temperature, and environmental conditions [19][20][21]. The liquid culture of P. cocos has been...

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Insights into Triterpene Acids in Fermented Mycelia of Edible Fungus Poria cocos by a Comparative Study

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Poria Cocos Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro

Poria Cocos Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro

Genomic and Transcriptomic Insight of Giant Sclerotium Formation of Wood-Decay Fungi

Comparative Studies on Polysaccharides, Triterpenoids, and Essential Oil from Fermented Mycelia and Cultivated Sclerotium of a Medicinal and Edible Mushroom, Poria Cocos

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