Insights into the Toxicity of Triclosan to Green Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy: Biophysiological Analyses and Roles of Environmental Factors

Abstract

This study investigated the toxicity of triclosan to the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. under multiple environmental stressors. The interactions between triclosan and environmental stressors were explored through full two-way factorial, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy and principal component analyses. Phosphorus concentration, pH * phosphorus concentration, and temperature * pH * NaCl concentration were the most statistically significant factors under triclosan exposure. The variation of those factors would have a huge impact on biophysiological performances. It is interesting to find Chlorococcum sp. may become more resistant against triclosan in phosphorus-enriched environment. Besides, particular significant factors from multiple environmental stressors showed the impacts of triclosan on the corresponding response of Chlorococcum sp. owing to the specific structure and performance of biomolecular components. Moreover, two high-order interactions of temperature * pH * NaCl concentration and temperature * pH * NaCl concentration * phosphorus concentration had more contributions than others at the subcellular level, which could be attributed to the interactive complexity of biomolecular components. Due to cellular self-regulation mechanism and short exposure time, the biophysiological changes of Chlorococcum sp. were undramatic. These findings can help reveal the interactive complexity among triclosan and multiple environmental stressors. It is suggested that multiple environmental stressors should be considered during ecological risk assessment and management of emerging pollutants.

Denitrification-Potential Evaluation and Nitrate-Removal-Pathway Analysis of Aerobic Denitrifier Strain Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus RAD-2

“…Therefore, strain RAD-2 could adapt to a lower temperature of 25 • C, which might increase its application in marine aquaculture, as temperatures 25-35 • C are the optimal environmental conditions for most cultured species. However, to better use the strain in practice, toxicology research should also be performed for strain RAD-2 in the future [38,39].…”

Plant Selection of Ecological Embankment for Nitrogen Removal in Lihe, China

“…BML and JNL show approximately the same chlorophyll content at 15-day and 30-day. Chlorophyll content of MGL decreases with increasing culture time (Xin et al, 2018).…”

Handling of Amine-Based Wastewater Produced During Carbon Capture

“…According to a projected MEA emission rate of 79 tonnes/year, the waste amine can increase the toxicity to freshwater ecosystems by ten times (Veltman et al, 2010). However, amine itself does not pose a great risk to the environment, its wide range of degradation products included nitramines, nitrosamines, carbonyls, amine dimers, heterocyclics, carboxylic acids, and amides are toxic and hazardous (Rohr et al, 2013;Xin et al, 2018). Many researchers have proved that nitramines and nitrosamines are carcinogenic and mutagenic at extremely low levels (Lå g et al, 1984;Fjellsbø et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018).…”