Insights into the Targeting Potential of Thymoquinone for Therapeutic Intervention Against Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

Since TQ has been reported to up-regulate several growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), EGF and PTEN expression, the present review article discusses the targeting potential of TQ for therapeutic intervention against such types of breast cancer.

Thymoquinone reduces spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis via PPAR‑γ and PI3K/Akt pathways

“…Over the past decade, thymoquinone could inhibit numerous cancer types, including breast, prostate, ovarian, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancer (18)(19)(20). The present study aimed to deter- (18)(19)(20). The present study aimed to deter- (18)(19)(20).…”

“…The present study aimed to deter- (18)(19)(20). The present study aimed to deter- (18)(19)(20). The present study aimed to determine the effect of thymoquinone on inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in SCI rats, and to investigate its possible molecular mechanisms.…”

“…1) is the primary active ingredient of black cumin seed oil and is commonly used for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor treatment (17). Over the past decade, thymoquinone could inhibit numerous cancer types, including breast, prostate, ovarian, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancer (18)(19)(20). The present study aimed to deter- (18)(19)(20).…”

The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review

“… 6 - 13 Thymoquinone has also been indicated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and antigenotoxic activities. 9 , 14 - 27 Thymoquinone may be considered as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of oral supplementation of chrysin (100 mg/kg body weight) to hyperammonemic rats, which considerably restored the levels of brain ammonia, water content, and the expressions of glutamine synthetase (GS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, p65, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our findings provided substantial evidence that the chrysin synergistically attenuates the neuroinflammatory mechanism by repressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating the astrocytic protein expressions via ammonia-reducing strategies.…”

Mechanistic evaluation of phytochemicals in breast cancer remedy: current understanding and future perspectives

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Numerous epidemiological studies have predicted reduced cancer incidence with the use of phytochemicals. [29][30][31] Phytochemicals such as curcumin, 32 resveratrol, 33,34 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 35,36 silibinin, 37 benzyl isothiocyanate, 38,39 genistein, 40 kaempferol, 41,42 thymoquinone, 43 quercetin, 44 parthenolide, 45 sulforaphane, 46 naringenin, 47,327,330 isoliquiritigenin 48,49 and ginsenosides [50][51][52] have been shown to suppress breast carcinoma via modulation of various signalling transduction pathways, genes and gene products. These phytochemicals exert anti-breast cancer effects by inducing cellular apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation through modulation of various targets (Fig.…”