Insights into the role of intestinal microbiota in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Abstract

The gut microbiota (GM) is able to modulate the human immune system. The development of novel investigation methods has provided better characterization of the GM, increasing our knowledge of the role of GM in the context of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, the GM influences the development of the major complications seen after HSCT, having an impact on overall survival. In fact, this evidence highlights the possible therapeutic implications of modulation of the GM during HSCT. Insights into the complex mechanisms and functions of the GM are essential for the rational design of these therapeutics. To date, preemptive and curative approaches have been tested. The current state of understanding of the impact of the GM on HSCT, and therapies targeting the GM balance is reviewed herein.

Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

“…Higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at the time of neutrophil engraftment was associated with lower mortality [9]. The microbiota can be used as predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT [10], and the constitution of the intestinal microbiota at neutrophil engraftment and GM score can predict the development of aGvHD following myeloablative allo-HSCT [24,25]. These results supported the idea for modulation of the GM in patients with HSCT.…”

“…Most recent study showed that microbiota can be used as predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT [9]. Many studies have showed that targeted modulation of GM in patients with HSCT has potential therapeutic implications [10]. In this review, we summarize the advance of therapies targeting GM in patients with HSCT.…”

“…Extensive studies of monitoring microbiome alterations have been done, especially regarding the GM and the GvHD in patients with HSCT [7][8][9][10]23]. The most recent study showed patterns of microbiota disruption during allo-HSCT were similar across transplantation centers and geographic locations.…”

The Butyrogenic and Lactic Bacteria of the Gut Microbiota Determine the Outcome of Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

“…A higher risk of blood stream infection caused either by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus or Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Es. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae ) was reported, and post-engraftment vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization was associated with increased mortality ( Ford et al, 2017 ; Tamburini et al, 2018 ; Zama et al, 2020 ).…”

Fecal Microbial Signatures Are Associated With Engraftment Failure Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Patients With IL10RA Deficiency

“…Reciprocally, the intestinal microbiota can regulate hematopoiesis and promote myeloid differentiation ( Shono and van den Brink, 2018 ). Intestinal bacteria are potent modulators of systemic immune responses ( Zama et al, 2020 ). Alteration in the intestinal microbiota is associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), bacteremia, disease relapse, and mortality after allo-HSCT.…”