“…In various vanadium oxides, oxygen vacancies are particularly important in modifying the chemistry of layers, thus affecting the interaction between layers and Zn 2 + . [44] Therefore, the introduction of oxygen vacancies could also facilitate ion diffusion. Liao et al successfully synthesized a V 6 O 13 material with oxygen-rich vacancies (O d -VO) through thermal treatment in a reducing N 2 /H 2 atmosphere.…”
Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining significant attention for their numerous advantages, including high safety, high energy density, affordability, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of ZIBs has been hampered by the lack of suitable cathode materials that can store Zn2+ with high capacity and reversibility. Currently, vanadium‐based materials with tunnel or layered structures are widely researched owing to their high theoretical capacity and diversified structures. However, their long‐term cycling stability is unsatisfactory because of material dissolution, phase transformation, and restrictive kinetics in aqueous electrolytes, which limits their practical applications. Different from previous reviews on ZIBs, this review specifically addresses the critical issues faced by vanadium‐based cathodes for practical aqueous ZIBs and proposes potential solutions. Focusing on vanadium‐based cathodes, their ion storage mechanisms, the critical parameters affecting their performance, and the progress made in addressing the aforementioned problems are also summarized. Finally, future directions for the development of practical aqueous ZIB are suggested.
“…In various vanadium oxides, oxygen vacancies are particularly important in modifying the chemistry of layers, thus affecting the interaction between layers and Zn 2 + . [44] Therefore, the introduction of oxygen vacancies could also facilitate ion diffusion. Liao et al successfully synthesized a V 6 O 13 material with oxygen-rich vacancies (O d -VO) through thermal treatment in a reducing N 2 /H 2 atmosphere.…”
Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining significant attention for their numerous advantages, including high safety, high energy density, affordability, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of ZIBs has been hampered by the lack of suitable cathode materials that can store Zn2+ with high capacity and reversibility. Currently, vanadium‐based materials with tunnel or layered structures are widely researched owing to their high theoretical capacity and diversified structures. However, their long‐term cycling stability is unsatisfactory because of material dissolution, phase transformation, and restrictive kinetics in aqueous electrolytes, which limits their practical applications. Different from previous reviews on ZIBs, this review specifically addresses the critical issues faced by vanadium‐based cathodes for practical aqueous ZIBs and proposes potential solutions. Focusing on vanadium‐based cathodes, their ion storage mechanisms, the critical parameters affecting their performance, and the progress made in addressing the aforementioned problems are also summarized. Finally, future directions for the development of practical aqueous ZIB are suggested.
“…Traditionally, introducing oxygen vacancies has been accomplished through methods like high-temperature reduction, chemical reactions, and mechanical processes. − However, these conventional methods come with inherent limitations, including reliance on high-temperature conditions, difficulties in precisely introducing oxygen vacancies in specific regions, the potential for unpredictable changes in material structure and properties, and even the risk of unintentionally introducing impurities. ,− These factors collectively restrict the further optimization of material performance to some extent . Therefore, the active pursuit of a milder and more controllable method for generating oxygen vacancies has become increasingly important in the field of electrochemistry.…”
The traditional methods for creating oxygen vacancies
in materials
present several challenges and limitations, such as high preparation
temperatures, limited oxygen vacancy generation, and morphological
destruction, which hinder the application of transition metal oxides
in the field of zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In order to address
these limitations, we have introduced a pioneering lithium reduction
strategy for generating oxygen vacancies in δ-MnO2@MXene composite materials. This strategy stands out for its simplicity
of implementation, applicability at room temperature, and preservation
of the material’s structural integrity. This research demonstrates
that aqueous Ov-MnO2@MXene-5, with introduced oxygen vacancies,
exhibits an outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with
an ORR half-wave potential reaching 0.787 V. DFT calculations have
demonstrated that the enhanced activity could be attributed to adjustments
in the electronic structure and alterations in adsorption bond lengths.
These adjustments result from the introduction of oxygen vacancies,
which in turn promote electron transport and catalytic activity. In
the context of zinc–air batteries, cells with Ov-MnO2@MXene-5 as the air cathode exhibit outstanding performance, featuring
a significantly improved maximum power density (198.3 mW cm–2) and long-term cycling stability. Through the innovative strategy
of introducing oxygen vacancies, this study has successfully enhanced
the electrochemical catalytic performance of MnO2, overcoming
the limitations associated with traditional methods for creating oxygen
vacancies. Consequently, this research opens up new avenues and directions
for nonprecious metal catalyst application in ZABs.
“…have been explored for electrochemical sensing, 22 electrochromic devices, 23,24 supercapacitors 25–27 and battery performance. 28 The supercapacitor can be either an electric double-layer supercapacitor 29 (non-faradaic or EDLC) or a pseudocapacitor 30,31 (faradaic or redox active). Materials with pseudocapacitive properties can also be used as sensors, depending upon their redox activity.…”
Exploring materials and device paradigms for multifunctional electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors, and sensing makes materials more suitable for real life applications. In this study, microcrystalline MoO3 powder has been...
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