Insights into the management of food waste in developing countries: with special reference to India

Abstract

Up to one-third of the food that is purposely grown for human sustenance is wasted and never consumed, with adverse consequences for the environment and socio-economic aspects. In India, managing food waste is a significant environmental concern. Food waste output is increasing in Indian cities and towns as a result of the country's urban expansion, modernization, and population growth. Poor management of food waste can have negative consequences for the environment and pose a risk to the public's health issues. This review focuses on the current challenges, management strategies, and future perspectives of food waste management in India. The efficient management of food waste involves a comprehensive study regarding the characterization of food waste and improved waste management methods. In addition, the government policies and rules for managing food waste that is in effect in India are covered in this review.

Navigating the contemporary landscape of food waste management in developing countries: A comprehensive overview and prospective analysis

“…It distinguishes between developed countries with different approaches to waste management, showcasing how "zero waste" policies can substantially reduce FW generation per capita, while others continues to grapple with higher levels of FW due to less effective waste diversion strategies. This analysis underscores the importance of policy interventions and waste management practices in shaping FW generation trends in different regions [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ]. In contrast, the dynamics of FW generation in developing nations appear to follow a different pattern, where wealthier nations (characterized by high Gross National Income or GNI per capita) tend to generate higher levels of FW per capita [ 30 ].…”

“…This analysis underscores the importance of policy interventions and waste management practices in shaping FW generation trends in different regions [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ]. In contrast, the dynamics of FW generation in developing nations appear to follow a different pattern, where wealthier nations (characterized by high Gross National Income or GNI per capita) tend to generate higher levels of FW per capita [ 30 ]. Several key factors influence the FW production rates in developing nations, including population growing and the pace of expansion, both of which are intricately linked to income stages, as documented in the study by Sahoo et al, [ 29 ].…”

“…This growth trajectory remains consistent, with approximately 83 million individuals being added to the world's population each year, even if fertility rates decline [ 21 ]. While the individual generation rates of FW in developing countries are lower due to reduced food demand and consumption standards, the higher overall populations of 137 developing nations, in contrast to 49 developed nations, result in a total FW generation that is nearly equivalent to that of developed countries [ [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ]. This phenomenon emphasizes the significance of considering both per capita and total FW generation within a global context, while taking into account the intricate interplay between population size, economic development, and waste generation patterns [ 28 ].…”

“…This significant organic fraction within the waste stream implies that composting is a highly viable method for FW treatment in developing nations due to the rich source of organic materials. Furthermore, there is a concerning trend in the global urban context, with projections suggesting that urban FW will surge by 44 % between 2005 and 2025, as indicated by Datta et al, [ 30 ]. This increase is particularly pronounced in Asian nations due to their rapid economic development.…”

“…In developing country, FW generation is a significant concern that has adverse influences on public health, the environment, and the low-cost. According to a study conducted by the World Bank, the country generates approximately 10.62 million of FW per year, with the majority of the waste being produced in urban areas [ 30 ]. The key sources of FW in developing country are households, food markets, and the food service industry.…”