“…Ganoderic acid gets to hydrogen bonds by Thr26, and Asn 142 in this protein ( Figure 9 ). Also, by examining active sites of protein, it was found hydrogen bonds generated by these two compounds inhibited the protein ( Figure 10 ) [ 29 , 30 , 37 , 38 ]. Figure 9 Investigation the hydrogen bonding of the studied compounds with the protein active site Figure 10 The ratio of estimated ∆Gcovid/estimated target.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The RMSD is solved by equation 3 [ 33 , 24 , 32 , 27 ]: Where “ i” is variable i, “ N” is number of non-missing data points, “ x i ” is actual observations time series, and “ ^ x i ” is estimated time series.…”
“…Ganoderic acid gets to hydrogen bonds by Thr26, and Asn 142 in this protein ( Figure 9 ). Also, by examining active sites of protein, it was found hydrogen bonds generated by these two compounds inhibited the protein ( Figure 10 ) [ 29 , 30 , 37 , 38 ]. Figure 9 Investigation the hydrogen bonding of the studied compounds with the protein active site Figure 10 The ratio of estimated ∆Gcovid/estimated target.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The RMSD is solved by equation 3 [ 33 , 24 , 32 , 27 ]: Where “ i” is variable i, “ N” is number of non-missing data points, “ x i ” is actual observations time series, and “ ^ x i ” is estimated time series.…”
“…Moreover, PEGylation is important in prolonging nanostructured circulation time and preventing burst release. On the other hand, folate receptors show upregulation in breast cancer cells, while their expression level is low in normal cells [ 19 ]. Hence, conjugating folic acid (FA) to nanostructures results in the selective targeting of breast cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors [ 20 ].…”
As the most common cancer in women, efforts have been made to develop novel nanomedicine-based therapeutics for breast cancer. In the present study, the in silico curcumin (Cur) properties were investigated, and we found some important drawbacks of Cur. To enhance cancer therapeutics of Cur, three different nonionic surfactants (span 20, 60, and 80) were used to prepare various Cur-loaded niosomes (Nio-Cur). Then, fabricated Nio-Cur were decorated with folic acid (FA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for breast cancer suppression. For PEG-FA@Nio-Cur, the gene expression levels of Bax and p53 were higher compared to free drug and Nio-Cur. With PEG-FA-decorated Nio-Cur, levels of Bcl2 were lower than the free drug and Nio-Cur. When MCF7 and 4T1 cell uptake tests of PEG-FA@Nio-Cur and Nio-Cur were investigated, the results showed that the PEG-FA-modified niosomes exhibited the most preponderant endocytosis. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PEG-FA@Nio-Cur is a promising strategy for the delivery of Cur in breast cancer therapy. Breast cancer cells absorbed the prepared nanoformulations and exhibited sustained drug release characteristics.
“…Nevertheless, failures remain which raise the question of stopping chemotherapy sooner or later. The main challenges may include the inability of drug to penetrate tumour cells, its toxicity to healthy cells, and its instability in the blood circulating system [2][3][4] . It is important to evaluate the tumor location while using chemotherapeutic drugs to treat malignant tumours.…”
As medical research progresses, the derivation and development of biological materials such as hydrogels have steadily gained more interest. The biocompatibility and non-toxicity of chitosan make chitosan hydrogels potential carriers for drug delivery. This work aims to develop two multi-reactive, safe, and highly swellable bio-hydrogels consisting of chitosan-graft-glycerol (CS-g-gly) and carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-glycerol (CMCS-g-gly), for sustained and controlled drug release, improved bioavailability along with entrapment in nanocarriers, which reduces side effects of vincristine sulphate. CS-g-gly and CMCS-g-gly are successfully prepared and fully characterized using analytical techniques. Under various conditions, the prepared hydrogels exhibit a high swelling ratio. Vincristine-loaded CS-g-gly (VCR/CS-g-gly), and CMCS-g-gly (VCR/CMCS-g-gly) show high encapsulation efficiency between 72.28-89.97%, and 56.97-71.91%, respectively. VCR/CS-g-gly show a sustained release behavior, and the maximum release of VCR from hydrogels reached 82% after 120 h of incubation. MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10 (normal breast cell line) are evaluated for cell viability and apoptosis induction. The in-vitro anti-tumor efficacy is investigated using flow cytometry. The tetrazolium-based MTT assay of hydrogels shows no evidence of significant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MCF-10 cells. According to these findings, these hydrogels can effectively deliver drugs to MCF-7 and other breast cancer cells.
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