Insights into the impact of manure on the environmental antibiotic residues and resistance pool

Abstract

Frontiers in Microbiology 02 frontiersin.org seems to reduce or eliminate most of antibiotics residues, enteric bacteria, ARB and different representative ARG in manure more rapidly and effectively than lagoon storage. Our review highlights that despite the body of research accumulated in the last years, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the contribution of manure to the AMR emergence, accumulation, spread and risk of human exposure in countries with high clinical resistance rates. Land microbiome before and after manure application, efficiency of different manure treatment techniques in decreasing the AMR levels in the natural environments and along the food chain must be investigated in depth, covering different geographical regions and countries and using harmonized methodologies. The support of stakeholders is required for the development of specific best practices for prudent -cautious use of antibiotics on farm animals. The use of human reserve antibiotics in veterinary medicine and of unprescribed animal antimicrobials should be stopped and the use of antibiotics on farms must be limited. This integrated approach is needed to determine the optimal conditions for the removal of antibiotic residues, ARB and ARG, to formulate specific recommendations for livestock manure treatment, storage and handling procedures and to translate them into practical on-farm management decisions, to ultimately prevent exposure of human population.

Potential Causes of Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance and Preventive Measures in One Health Perspective-A Review

“…It has the added benefit of degrading antibiotics present in manure, thereby reducing their concentration and potentially decreasing the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 178 In addition to this, it significantly diminish the presence of antimicrobial-resistance gene in manure, by up to 90%. The higher temperatures involved in anaerobic digestion can further enhance its effectiveness in reducing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making thermophilic anaerobic digestion more efficient in this regard compared to mesophilic anaerobic digestion.…”

Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures

“…Additionally, toxicological assessments in soil environments have indicated that tetracyclines and certain transformation products could pose moderate to high ecological risks to terrestrial organisms. Furthermore, substantial amounts of drug residues resulting from direct or indirect contamination can be detected in animal manure, which is commonly utilized as fertilizer in agriculture [ 17 ]. These residues can build up in crop tissues, and eventually find their way into the food chains that feed animals and humans [ 17 ].…”

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

“…To mitigate the dissemination of ARGs, manure is often preprocessed before being applied to land. Recent reviews have shown that aerobic thermophilic and postdigestion composting could reduce >80% of ARGs, but different antibiotics may persist in the liquid (e.g., sulfonamides) or solid (e.g., tetracycline) phases of the manures and even after anaerobic digestion and composting [ 126 ]. Efforts should be made to address these concerns and develop strategies to ensure the safe and responsible use of organic fertilizers in agriculture.…”