Insights into the evolution of the young Lake Ohrid ecosystem and vegetation succession from a southern European refugium during the Early Pleistocene

Panagiotopoulos, Konstantinos; Holtvoeth, Jens; Kouli, Katerina; Marinova, Elena; Francke, Alexander; Cvetkoska, Aleksandra; Jovanovska, Elena; Lacey, Jack H.; Lyons, Emma T.; Buckel, Connie; Bertini, Adèle; Donders, Timme H.; Just, J.; Leicher, Niklas; Leng, Melanie J.; Melles, Martin; Pancost, Richard D.; Sadori, Laura; Tauber, Paul; Vogel, Hendrik; Wagner, Bernd; Wilke, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106044

Cited by 25 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…2F and 3 ). Simultaneously, the relatively small habitable space together with high environmental dynamics ( 17 ) ( Fig. 2, A and B ) likely caused the frequent extinction of endemic species ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S4), for example, indicates the high evolutionary volatility of this clade. Most members prefer nutrient-rich conditions, which we assume for the shallow-water phase of the lake ( 17 ) (see also fig. S3H).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S3H). As the lake deepened, and conditions became more oligotrophic ( 17 ), many species of the Coscinodiscophytina became extinct, probably because they were unable to withstand reduced nutrient levels. In contrast, the subphylum Bacillariophytina continued to proliferate, resulting in an outstanding diversity of 184 extant endemic species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper 447 m of the composite record comprise lacustrine sediments that were continuously deposited since lake formation 1.36 Ma ago (13). They cover both the environmentally dynamic shallow-water (1.36 to 1.15 Ma ago) and environmentally more stable deep-water phases (1.15 to 0 Ma ago) (13,17). Core processing resulted in uninterrupted environmental and climate indicator time series and a unique diatom species record at a sample resolution of around 2000 to 4000 years (fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Black dashed line, time of lake formation; blue bar, lake phases (shallow and deep) ( 17 ); brown bars, glacial periods. For a full list of indicators used, see fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

et al. 2020

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The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Black dashed line, time of lake formation; blue bar, lake phases (shallow and deep) ( 17 ); brown bars, glacial periods. For a full list of indicators used, see fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

et al. 2020

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Tracking mineral and geochemical characteristics of Holocene lake sediments: the case of Hotagen, west-central Sweden

Kanbar

Olajos

et al. 2021

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Intact lake sediments reflect the development of terrestrial ecosystems. This development can be understood by decoding mineral and geochemical information of sedimentary archives. Therefore, we characterized a Holocene lake sediment core and revealed bulk to micro-scale variations via a combination of geochemical techniques and statistical methods. Methods A 2.3 m sediment core was collected from Hotagen, a lake in west-central Sweden; a sediment sample was collected every 5 cm. A part of each sediment sample was kept untreated (named bulk) and another part was size-fractionated into < 4, 4–16, 16–64, and > 64 µm subsamples. Characterization was then made with respect to grain size distribution (GSD), physico-chemical parameters, geochemical properties, organic composition, and mineralogy. The sediments were investigated at bulk, micro-, and elemental scales using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). Results The deepest sediment was identified as glacial till dating back to the Late Pleistocene. The bulk sediments showed a clear distinction between 0–195 cm (unit 1, U1) and 200–225 cm (unit 2, U2) depths. Quartz and feldspar minerals decreased and organic matter and clay minerals increased from the till towards the lower limit of U1. The development in the sedimentary properties marked the transformation of the terrestrial ecosystem from glacier-covered land to vegetated areas. This development was also well reflected by the appearance of X-ray amorphous materials and the formation of distinct organo-mineral aggregates; chlorite was the predominant clay mineral in these aggregates. The geochemical variation between U2 and U1 sediments was further established by resolving the DRIFT spectral components through multivariate curve resolution alternating least square (MCR-ALS). The U1 sediments settled over a period of ~ 7500 years and showed comparable mineral, geochemical, and organic composition. However, the size-fractionated sediments, mainly < 4 µm, showed diverse mineral and geochemical composition. Indeed, these sediments were distinct by containing relatively higher amounts of X-ray amorphous materials and clay minerals, the latter had variable Na, Mg, and K contents. Conclusion The combined use of geochemical and statistical approaches used in this study followed the mineral and geochemical development of sediments that had settled during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Epochs. Finally, the U2 sediments marked the terrestrial ecosystem development that occurred during the late glaciation, deglaciation, and post-glaciation periods. Graphical abstract

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Nexus between carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emission of woody species composition: evidence from Ise-Ekiti Forest Reserve, Southwestern Nigeria

Dada,

Matthew,

Odiwe

2024

Carbon Res.

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The carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emissions in woody species play crucial roles in understanding and managing ecosystems. Understanding these aspects is crucial for sustainable forest management, conservation, and mitigating the impact of woody species on global carbon dynamics and climate change. This study examined the nexus between carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emission of woody plant composition in disturbed and undisturbed areas in Southwestern Nigeria. The study involved the random establishment of plots in the disturbed and undisturbed areas and, in each plot, the woody plants were enumerated and identified to the species level. The results showed that total biomass (102.645 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (51.323 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (188.354 Mg C ha-1) values of tree species in undisturbed plots were higher than the values of total biomass (70.768 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (35.384 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (129.859 Mg C ha-1) recorded in disturbed plots. The results also revealed that total biomass (0.123 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (0.061 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (0.225 Mg C ha-1 ) values of shrub species recorded in disturbed plots were higher than values of total biomass (0.067 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (0.034 Mg C ha-1) and total CO2 content (0.124 Mg C ha-1) recorded in undisturbed plots, respectively. The findings showed that in undisturbed and disturbed plots of shrubs, biomass, carbon and CO2 emissions have a strong positive correlation of 1.000**. While biomass, carbon, and CO2 emission have a very strong positive correlation (0.999**) in undisturbed plots of trees, the biomass, carbon, and CO2 emission have moderate to strong positive correlations (0.458** to 0.974**) in disturbed plots of the tree. The study concluded that while biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 emission values of tree species were higher in undisturbed plots than in disturbed plots, the biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 emission values of shrub species were lower in undisturbed plots than in disturbed plots. It also concluded that the main purpose of establishing reserve forests is not totally achieved as human activities occurring in reserve forests still contribute to the increment of climate change.

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Insights into the evolution of the young Lake Ohrid ecosystem and vegetation succession from a southern European refugium during the Early Pleistocene

Cited by 25 publications

References 83 publications

Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

Tracking mineral and geochemical characteristics of Holocene lake sediments: the case of Hotagen, west-central Sweden

Nexus between carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emission of woody species composition: evidence from Ise-Ekiti Forest Reserve, Southwestern Nigeria

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