Insights into the Effects of the Dental Stem Cell Secretome on Nerve Regeneration: Towards Cell-Free Treatment

Abstract

Cell-free treatment is emerging as an alternative to cell delivery to promote endogenous regeneration using cell-derived factors. The purpose of this article was to systematically review studies of the effects of the dental stem cell secretome on nerve regeneration. PubMed and Scopus databases were used where searched and related studies were selected. The primary search identified 36 articles with the utilized keywords; however, only 13 articles met the defined inclusion criteria. Eight out of thirteen articles included in vivo and in vitro studies. We classified the dental stem cell-derived secretome with its nerve regeneration potential. All studies demonstrated that dental stem cell-derived factors promote neurotrophic effects that can mechanistically stimulate nerve regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases and nerve injury. This data collection will enable researchers to gather information to create a precise formulation for future prescribed treatments.

Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential

“…For example, hDPSCs showed a higher suppression rate of T lymphocyte growth [ 12 , 38 ]. hDPSCs and SHEDs revealed a higher trophic factor expression compared to BMMSCs [ 12 , 35 , 53 ]. Finally, hDPSCs and SHEDs are considered MSCs, because they fulfill the standard ISCT requirements to define a cell type as MSCs [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Finally, hDPSCs and SHEDs are considered MSCs, because they fulfill the standard ISCT requirements to define a cell type as MSCs [ 29 , 30 ]. BMMSCs, hDPSCs, and SHEDs, as multipotent adult stem cells isolated from different tissues, create fewer moral, ethical, or safety-related problems compared to embryonic stem cells, and are mostly investigated as a tool in regenerative medicine [ 3 , 8 , 35 , 36 , 53 ]. To date, BMMSCs, hDPSCs, and SHEDs have been demonstrated to be applicable in the treatment of various diseases, because they show immunomodulatory effects and a tissue repair ability [ 4 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 27 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 53 ].…”

“…BMMSCs, hDPSCs, and SHEDs, as multipotent adult stem cells isolated from different tissues, create fewer moral, ethical, or safety-related problems compared to embryonic stem cells, and are mostly investigated as a tool in regenerative medicine [ 3 , 8 , 35 , 36 , 53 ]. To date, BMMSCs, hDPSCs, and SHEDs have been demonstrated to be applicable in the treatment of various diseases, because they show immunomodulatory effects and a tissue repair ability [ 4 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 27 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 53 ]. As reported by Rodriguez-Fuentes et al [ 16 ], by June 2020, there were over 1138 registered MSC clinical trials at (accessed on 1 November 2021) that used MSCs aspirated from bone marrow as therapeutic agents.…”

“…It is worth mentioning that the MSC secretome has undergone intense research in MSCs isolated from oral tissue [ 12 , 18 , 21 , 53 ]. According to Sultan et al [ 12 ], molecules secreted by hDPSCs or shed from their surface into the extracellular environment were previously regarded as waste containing cell debris.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Osteoarthritis

“…DPSCs secrete various growth factors and cytokines, which might be accountable for the observed outcomes in the present study. Previous studies revealed high expression levels of TGFs and neurotrophic factors, including VEGF [20,89,90]. Other factors present in the DPSC secretome involve but are not limited to IL-8, MCP-1, FGFs, MMPs, TIMP-1 [18,20,91].…”