Insights into Marker Assisted Selection and Its Applications in Plant Breeding

Kumawat, Gayatri; Kumawat, Chander Kanta; Chandra, Kailash; Pandey, Saurabh; Chand, Subhash; Mishra, Udit Nandan; Lenka, Devraj; Sharma, Rohit

doi:10.5772/intechopen.95004

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…These accessions to FOM are controlled by a single dominant gene (Boyaci & Abak 2008). Identification of DNA markers that are tightly linked to a resistance gene is a powerful and useful tool to avoid the previously mentioned drawbacks in breeding programmes such as timeconsuming process and reliability (Osei et al 2018;Kumawat et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and validation of three molecular markers for disease resistance in eggplant

Sülü¹,

Polat²,

Boyaci³

et al. 2022

CZECH J GENET PLANT

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Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. melongenae (FOM), Verticillium dahliae (Ve) and Ralstonia solanacearum are major limiting pathogens affecting eggplant cultivation and their yield in the world. Natural resistance genes are the most environmentally friendly method to control the disease. Thus, marker-assisted selection (MAS) is preferred as a tool for screening resistance genes (R-genes) in eggplant resistance breeding. In this study, markers that are specifically linked to major disease resistance genes conferring resistance to F. melongenae, V. dahliae and R. solanacearum were tested in a population containing breeding materials to validate the resistance. Resistant Solanum melongena accessions LS1934 and LS2436 and their reciprocal crosses were used as the resistance resource for this validation study. Moreover, classical resistance tests to FOM and Ve were performed with the root-dip inoculation method for classification of all the accessions based on their resistance/susceptibility responses. The SCAR<sub>426</sub>, CAPs_903 and SIVR844 markers were highly informative for the determination of resistance genes (Fomg, Ve and ERs1). Therefore, in areas with high susceptibility to diseases, a highly efficient combination of the relevant R-genes and their pyramiding into commercial eggplant varieties are proposed to be implemented as a pragmatic approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and validation of three molecular markers for disease resistance in eggplant

Sülü¹,

Polat²,

Boyaci³

et al. 2022

CZECH J GENET PLANT

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“…The morphological (trait-specific), proteinaceous (isoenzyme), cytological (chromosome-specific), and DNA markers have been used in plant breeding. DNA markers have been extensively utilized for marker-assisted selection of crop plants ( Madina et al, 2013 ; Kumawat et al, 2020 ). Recently, the advanced molecular breeding tools such as SSRs, Indels, SNPs, genome sequencing, genotype by sequencing, and microRNAs have been used for crop improvement ( Devarumath et al, 2014 ; Platten et al, 2019 ; Bohar et al, 2020 ) to confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance ( Shriram et al, 2016 ; Devarumath et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Breeding Approaches For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing

et al. 2022

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The global climate change and unfavourable abiotic and biotic factors are limiting agricultural productivity and therefore intensifying the challenges for crop scientists to meet the rising demand for global food supply. The introduction of applied genetics to agriculture through plant breeding facilitated the development of hybrid varieties with improved crop productivity. However, the development of new varieties with the existing gene pools poses a challenge for crop breeders. Genetic engineering holds the potential to broaden genetic diversity by the introduction of new genes into crops. But the random insertion of foreign DNA into the plant’s nuclear genome often leads to transgene silencing. Recent advances in the field of plant breeding include the development of a new breeding technique called genome editing. Genome editing technologies have emerged as powerful tools to precisely modify the crop genomes at specific sites in the genome, which has been the longstanding goal of plant breeders. The precise modification of the target genome, the absence of foreign DNA in the genome-edited plants, and the faster and cheaper method of genome modification are the remarkable features of the genome-editing technology that have resulted in its widespread application in crop breeding in less than a decade. This review focuses on the advances in crop breeding through precision genome editing. This review includes: an overview of the different breeding approaches for crop improvement; genome editing tools and their mechanism of action and application of the most widely used genome editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, for crop improvement especially for agronomic traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance, yield and quality improvement, reduction of anti-nutrients, and improved shelf life; and an update on the regulatory approval of the genome-edited crops. This review also throws a light on development of high-yielding climate-resilient crops through precision genome editing.

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“…2019). Of the vitamin E family, α-tocotrienol (range 56.4 mg/kg) is the most abundant in oat, accounting for >40% of tocotrienols (Lásztity et al . 1980), and α-tocopherol (range 14.9 mg/kg) accounts for 18% of tocopherols (Polonskiy et al .…”

Section: Breeding Approaches For Oat Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional plant breeding approaches such as germplasm screening, selection (pure line, mass and pedigree methods), polyploidisation, hybridisation (inter-and intra-specific) and mutagenesis have been used extensively to improve yield, quality traits and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses (Boczkowska et al 2015;Roy et al 2020;Chand et al 2022). However, integration of conventional breeding methods with new biotechnological tools such as molecular breeding, omics, genome editing and genetic engineering could address prevailing challenges, because biotechnological approaches are more reliable, efficient, successful and reproducible (Kumawat et al 2020;Kumar et al 2021). Such integration will increase our understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits and eventually increase our abilities to modify complex traits, including yield and nutritional quality.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Such integration will increase our understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits and eventually increase our abilities to modify complex traits, including yield and nutritional quality. In addition, technologies such as omics and molecular interventions have been used to improve the value of plant foods and feeds through identification of desirable genes, cloning, and incorporating into cultivars for enhanced performance over the original cultivar (Pathak et al 2018;Kumawat et al 2020). Genetic engineering of plants faces several legal and regulatory issues from production to marketing, and concerns about the plant products among the farming community and consumers commercially still need to be addressed (Lemaux 2008;Ahmad et al 2012;Demirer et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) and nutritional improvement through plant breeding interventions

Sood

Sanadya²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Crop & Pasture Science

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Since the Bronze Age, oat (Avena sativa L.) has been used mainly as an animal feed. Currently, it is in high demand for human consumption because of its nutritional properties, which improve health and wellbeing. Oat is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, lipid, minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. However, quality traits are usually polygenic and subjected to non-heritable factors, making quality improvement difficult. Several conventional breeding approaches such as pure line selection, pedigree selection, mutagenesis, wide crosses and polyploidy have been extensively used to develop new and improved oat varieties, commonly for forage purposes. Molecular approaches such as use of molecular markers, QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, genomic selection and speed breeding are being utilised to identify traits/genes of interest, produce plants carrying the desired agronomic and climatic resilience traits, and accelerate genetic gain. There has been minimal focus on nutrient enrichment and the development of high-quality, enriched oat genetic resources. Herein, we address and compile much-needed, up-to-date information on comparative analysis of oat nutritional and phytochemical properties with those of other cereals. We also consider the importance and involvement of conventional breeding in the modern approaches. This updated information provides guidance for oat breeders to develop nutrient-enriched varieties and points to future prospects towards oat quality improvement.

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Insights into Marker Assisted Selection and Its Applications in Plant Breeding

Cited by 9 publications

References 106 publications

Screening and validation of three molecular markers for disease resistance in eggplant

Screening and validation of three molecular markers for disease resistance in eggplant

Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing

Health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) and nutritional improvement through plant breeding interventions

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