Insights into antimicrobial agent sulfacetamide transformation during chlorination disinfection process in aquaculture water

Abstract

A systematic study for degradation kinetics and transformation mechanism of sulfacetamide antibiotic, and the potential formation of H-DBPs represented by HAAs in the chlorination process is explored.

Monitoring of Amoxicillin and Cephalexin Antibiotics in Municipal WWTPs During Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case Study in Isfahan, Iran

“…Unfortunately, at the time we collected samples, the chlorination unit was not in operation and we could not estimate the effect of chlorination on removing antibiotics. Studies showed that in the case of using chlorination, antibiotics can transform into more hazardous compounds and disinfection by-products (DBPs) which may have potentially hazardous effects (Guo et al, 2021; Jaén-Gil et al, 2020). Ian Zammit et al in a study have shown that irrigating soils with treated wastewater that was disinfected using chlorination resulted in higher values of intI1(Escherichia coli) and higher levels for bla OXA-10 (a resistance gene) compared to before irrigation (Zammit et al, 2020).…”

Chloramine Disinfection of Levofloxacin and Sulfaphenazole: Unraveling Novel Disinfection Byproducts and Elucidating Formation Mechanisms for an Enhanced Understanding of Water Treatment

“…Previous studies have found that antibiotics can be transformed into N-DBPs by reacting with the disinfectant chloramine; for example, metronidazole could be oxidized by monochloramine disinfectant to form dicholoacetamide (DCAcAm) [ 32 ] and oxytetracycline could form the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) [ 33 ], which have been cited as research priorities by the U. S. EPA owing to their greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than currently regulated C-DBPs (e.g., THMs) [ 34 ]. The intricacies of DBP formation during disinfection are challenging to elucidate due to the influence of various factors such as pH values [ 35 ], disinfectant concentration, and inorganic ions [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Previous studies have highlighted the pH-dependent yield of NDMA during chloramine disinfection, emphasizing the significant impact of pH on DBP formation [ 33 ].…”