Insights in the phenomena involved in deactivation of industrial hydrocracking catalysts through an accelerated deactivation protocol

Vivas-Báez, July C.; Servia, Alberto; Pirngruber, Gerhard D.; Dubreuil, Anne-Claire; Pérez-Martínez, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120681

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The experiments were carried out in a fixed bed pilot unit with a cocurrent gas–liquid mixture flowing upward. The detailed information has been reported elsewhere . The pilot plant consisted of two isothermal reactors in series, which were used for the hydrocracking process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalyst samples taken at the end of each experiment were carefully collected to separate the particles from the inlet, middle, and outlet of each catalytic bed. More information about specific experimental procedures can be found elsewhere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed information has been reported elsewhere. 38 The pilot plant consisted of two isothermal reactors in series, which were used for the hydrocracking process. A liquid sampling system was placed between the two reactors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalyst was activated in situ by sulfidation with an atmospheric gas oil spiked with 2% wt (%/feed) DMDS and 2% wt aniline (%/feed) at 350 °C and 14 MPa. Once sulfidation was completed, the deactivation conditions 38 were applied, that is, 418 °C, LHSV of 3 h −1 , H 2 /HC = 1500 NL/L, and P = 14 MPa, with the feedstock spiked with aniline as described in Section 2.1 (N org = 150 ppmw and N total = 2500 ppmw). Under the conditions applied, the catalyst immediately enters a deactivation regime, which does not exhibit stabilization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our recent work, 38 an accelerated deactivation procedure for hydrocracking catalysts was developed using real feeds (VGO) at conditions close to typical process conditions. The aged catalysts from this protocol showed comparable properties to some industrial spent catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Feedstock Properties on the Deactivation of a Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Catalyst

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to understand the impact of vacuum gas oil (VGO) properties on the deactivation rate of a hydrocracking catalyst (nickel− molybdenum sulfide dispersed on a carrier containing USY zeolite). For this purpose, two hydrotreated feeds of different densities, organic nitrogen (∼120−150 ppmw) and aromatic content, were hydrocracked under operating conditions that favor catalyst deactivation, that is, high temperature (T = 418 °C) and high space velocity (LHSV = 3 h −1 ). The catalyst performance was followed by measuring the VGO conversion (370 °C+ petroleum cut) and determining the apparent kinetic constants for the main hydrocracking reactions (cracking, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and aromatics hydrogenation). The experiments were stopped after different times on stream (either 6 or 30 days) in order to assess the evolution of the catalyst as a function of time. The spent catalysts, obtained from three different reactor locations, were characterized by elemental and textural analyses and by thermogravimetry to investigate the quantity and nature of the coke formed. Catalytic tests with different model compounds (toluene and n-heptane) were carried out to determine the residual activity of the hydrogenating and acid catalyst functions. It was found that, at the evaluated conditions, both the nature and the content of organic nitrogen and aromatics compounds of the feedstock have a determinant role in the deactivation rate. Organic nitrogen determines the ratio between available metal and acid sites. The aromatics generate coke precursors on the available acid sites. Both factors play a coupled role that promotes coke deposition on the catalyst surface, which leads to an increase in the deactivation rate on top of the end boiling point of the feed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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