Insights from the combined bulk chemical and surface characterization of airborne PM10 on source contributions and health risk: the case of three Mexican cities

System Integration of an Optimally Designed Virtual Impactor with a QCM Sensor as a One-Stop PM2.5 Classification and Detection Platform

“…Airborne particulate matter has attracted significant attention due to its adverse effects on humans and the environment. − The toxicity of PM depends mostly on its size and composition, such as chemical or trace element content, acid and sulfate content, etc. − The PM size is often of major importance. PM pollution, especially PM 2.5 particles, which have an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 μm (called fine particles), poses a serious threat to human health, as they can penetrate the human respiratory system and cause alveolar inflammation or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. − Besides, PM 2.5 particles can transport bacteria, fungi, and heavy metals, increasing the possibility of instigating and transmitting diseases. − Except for health risks, these fine particles can affect the earth’s radiative balance by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and causing reduced visibility. , Therefore, from the point of view of protecting the environment and human health, it is particularly important to monitor the PM 2.5 concentration.…”

“… 1 − 4 The toxicity of PM depends mostly on its size and composition, such as chemical or trace element content, acid and sulfate content, etc. 5 − 7 The PM size is often of major importance. PM pollution, especially PM 2.5 particles, which have an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 μm (called fine particles), poses a serious threat to human health, as they can penetrate the human respiratory system and cause alveolar inflammation or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.…”