Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19

Hu, Tony; Frieman, Matthew B.; Wolfram, Joy

doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0674-9

Cited by 283 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In the prophylactic setting (pre-adsorption), 10uM HCQ did not interfere effectively with the viral replicative cycle neither at 37°C nor at 4°C, as evidenced in the CPE and the RT-PCR analysis. A limited antiviral activity was also observed in the therapeutic setting (postadsorption) but, interestingly, a higher HCQ antiviral activity was observed at 4°C, suggesting its predominant SARS-CoV-2 interference at the endosomal level 10,11 . Overall, and most importantly, these results suggest a limited activity of HCQ when administered only prophylactically or therapeutically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined prophylactic and therapeutic use maximizes hydroxychloroquine anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectsin vitro

Clementi

Criscuolo

Diotti

et al. 2020

Preprint

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While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is hardly hitting the world, it is of extreme importance that significant in vitro observations guide the quick set up of clinical trials. In this study, we evidence that the anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of a clinically achievable hydroxychloroquine concentration is maximized only when administered before and after the infection of Vero E6 cells. This strongly suggests that only a combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine may be effective in limiting viral replication in patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined prophylactic and therapeutic use maximizes hydroxychloroquine anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectsin vitro

Clementi

Criscuolo

Diotti

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…It shows a destructive effect especially in individuals with weak immune systems. Intensive care and mechanical ventilation may be required in the treatment process (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)7). Various precautions are applied to prevent it from spreading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the respiratory tract infection that it causes, the virus leads to pneumonia characterized by an appearance like frosted glass. The infection, which has progressed in a highly destructive manner especially in China, Iran and Italy and caused large numbers of deaths, is continuing to spread (1)(2)(3). The first diagnosis of COVID-19 in Turkey was made on 10 March 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Modelling Approach in the Spread of the Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Cakir¹,

Savaş²

2020

Electron J Gen Med

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The novel 2019 coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), emerged towards the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in the People's Republic of China, and it has spread to the entire world very fast and in a very short time. This study aimed to investigate the course of the pandemic by mathematical modelling based on the information that the time-dependent change (spreading) rate of the H number of individuals who have caught a contagious disease is proportional to the multiplication of the numbers of those who have caught the disease and those who have not. According to the results of the mathematical modelling in our study, in the case that sufficient precautions are not taken, or precautions are reduced, the course of the pandemic may show a very fast change in the negative direction. For this reason, every precaution, individual or social, will be significant in terms of the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…In fact, the drug can inhibit natural and adaptive immunity through different, albeit not well-defined, mechanisms [37]. In addition, hydroxy-chloroquine can reduce the expression of the phosphatidyl-inositol-binding clathrin assembly protein, essential for SARS-CoV-2 uptake [37,38]. Finally, preliminary studies showed that the drug accelerates body virus clearance, due to its ability to alter intracellular pH at lysosomal levels, hence reducing the intracellular viral replication rate [39,40].…”

Section: Immunological Rationale For Targeting the Immune System To Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

Prete

Favoino

Catacchio

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed.

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Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19

Cited by 283 publications

References 26 publications

Combined prophylactic and therapeutic use maximizes hydroxychloroquine anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectsin vitro

Combined prophylactic and therapeutic use maximizes hydroxychloroquine anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectsin vitro

A Mathematical Modelling Approach in the Spread of the Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic

SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

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