Insights from animal models of bladder cancer: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities

John, Bincy; Said, Neveen

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17714

Cited by 49 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…PDXs can therefore be used to directly evaluate a patient’s response to treatment [ 65–67 ]. Here, we only focus on immortalized, tumor-derived cell lines and reviews on PDX models have been published elsewhere [ 58, 63, 68 ].…”

Section: Bladder Cancer Cell Lines For In Vivo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Zuiverloon

Jong

Costello

et al. 2018

BLC

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Background:Bladder cancer (BC) cell lines are indispensable in basic and preclinical research. Currently, an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of available BC cell lines is not available.Objective:To provide an overview and resources on the origin, pathological and molecular characteristics of commonly used human, murine and canine BC cell lines.Methods:A PubMed search was performed for relevant articles published between 1980 and 2017 according to the following MeSH terms: cell line; cell line, tumor; urinary bladder neoplasms; carcinoma, transitional cell. The Cellosaurus database was searched, using the term “bladder” and/or “urothelial carcinoma”. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Results:We provide information on 157 human, murine and canine BC cell lines. 103 human BC cell lines have molecular data available, of which 69 have been profiled by at least one “omic” technology. We outline how these cell lines are currently being used for in vitro and in vivo experimental models. These results allow direct comparison of BC cell lines to patient samples, providing information needed to make informed decisions on the most genomically appropriate cell line to answer research questions. Furthermore, we show that cross-contamination remains an issue and describe guidelines for prevention.Conclusions:In the BC field, multiple human, murine and canine BC cell lines have been developed and many have become indispensable for in vitro and in vivo research. High-throughput -omic technologies have dramatically increased the amount of molecular data on these cell lines. We synthesized a comprehensive overview of these data as a resource for the BC scientific community.

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Section: Bladder Cancer Cell Lines For In Vivo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo models can also be classified according to the site of tumor implantation; orthotopic (in the bladder) or heterotopic (elsewhere, not in the bladder) [ 58, 69, 70 ]. Orthotopic models can either be spontaneous (i.e.…”

Section: Bladder Cancer Cell Lines For In Vivo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Zuiverloon

Jong

Costello

et al. 2018

BLC

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“…The pre-clinical development of new treatments requires an animal model that accurately simulates the disease in people. Rodent animal models with experimentally induced bladder cancer have been shown to be valuable, but their translational relevance has been limited ( 3 – 5 ). Therefore, well characterized spontaneous bladder cancers in companion animals could represent a useful tool to advance the development of improved diagnostics and therapeutics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dog as an animal model for bladder and urethral urothelial carcinoma: Comparative epidemiology and histology

Brot

Robinson

Scase³

et al. 2018

Oncol Lett

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Despite the recent approval of several novel agents for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), survival in this setting remains poor. As such, continued investigation into novel therapeutic options remains warranted. Pre-clinical development of novel treatments requires an animal model that accurately simulates the disease in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dog as an animal model for human UC. A total of 260 cases of spontaneous, untreated canine primary urethral and urinary bladder UC, were epidemiologically and histologically assessed and classified based on the current 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) tumor classification system. Canine data was compared with human data available from scientific literature. The mean age of dogs diagnosed with UC was 10.22 years (range, 4–15 years), which is equivalent to 60–70 human years. The results revealed a high association between UC diagnosis with the female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–4.79; P<0.001], surgical neutering (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.87–11.12; P<0.001) and breed (OR 15.11 for Scottish terriers; 95% CI 8.99–25.41; P<0.001). Based on the 2016 WHO tumor (T), node and metastasis staging system, the primary tumors were characterized as T1 (38%), T2a (28%), T2b (13%) and T3 (22%). Non-papillary, flat subgross tumor growth was strongly associated with muscle invasion (OR 31.00; P<0.001). Irrespective of subgross growth pattern, all assessable tumors were invading beyond the basement membrane compatible with infiltrating UC. Conventional, not further classifiable infiltrating UC was the most common type of tumor (90%), followed by UC with divergent, squamous and/or glandular differentiation (6%). Seven out of the 260 (2.8%) cases were classified as non-urothelial based on their histological morphology. These cases included 5 (2%) squamous cell carcinomas, 1 (0.4%) adenocarcinoma and 1 (0.4%) neuroendocrine tumor. The 2 most striking common features of canine and human UC included high sex predilection and histological tumor appearance. The results support the suitability of the dog as an animal model for UC and confirm that dogs also spontaneously develop rare UC subtypes and bladder tumors, including plasmacytoid UC and neuroendocrine tumor, which are herein described for the first time in a non-experimental animal species.

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“…For urothelial denudation, the mechanical damage can be achieved by electrical cauterization and epithelial abrasion as well as by chemical denudation with hydrochloride, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, or silver nitrate. This is followed by tumor cell instillation (16). According to our recent MEDLINE® search, the establishment of an implantable BC model in Wistar rats by using self-bladder cancer cells in vivo have not been described in the literature yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantable orthotopic bladder cancer model in Wistar rats: A pilot and feasibility study

Teke

Yılmaz

Kosem

et al. 2019

Revista Romana De Medicina De Laborator

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Purpose: The implantable bladder cancer (BC) models allow the researchers to perform rapid and useful experiments for BC. We investigated the implantation success of BC cells obtained from Wistar rats (grown in vitro), into bladders of syngeneic Wistar rats, which are commonly used in the laboratories. Methods: The Nara Bladder Tumor No.2 (NBT-II) BC cells induced with 4-hydroxybutylnitrosamine were grown with passages in Kocaeli University Center for Stem-Cell and Gene-Therapies. After urothelial denudation, 2x106 NBT-II cells were then implanted into bladders of 24 female Wistar rats (aged 7-8 weeks). The rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups; three instillation groups (8 per group) and one sham-operated control group consisting of 6 rats. First, second and third instillation groups were sacrificed at days 7, 14, and 21, respectively, and, bladders were histopathologically evaluated for BC according to WHO / International Society of Urological Pathology. Results: All tumors were pT1 (including 1 rat that prematurely died at 5th day), except one rat that died prematurely at 8th day had pT2 tumor. Implantation rates were 28.58% (2/7) in the first group, and 42.85% (3/7) in the second, for a cumulative rate of 35.71% (5/14) in these two-groups (until 14th day). Interestingly, there was no tumor in the third group, but there was an inflammatory granulation tissue. Conclusion: Seeding NBT-II cells into bladders of Wistar rats was described, successfully tested and demonstrated in this study. This implantable BC model of Wistar rats may be improved to increase the success rate of BC cell implantation in new studies with higher number of animals.

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Insights from animal models of bladder cancer: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities

Cited by 49 publications

References 135 publications

Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

The dog as an animal model for bladder and urethral urothelial carcinoma: Comparative epidemiology and histology

Implantable orthotopic bladder cancer model in Wistar rats: A pilot and feasibility study

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