Insight into the success of whitefly biological control using parasitoids: evidence from the <i>Eretmocerus warrae</i>−<i>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</i> system

Hanan, Abdul; He, Xiong Zhao; Wang, Qiao

doi:10.1002/ps.4612

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The glasshouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood ) is a widespread and persistent pest species of many horticultural and ornamental crops, including tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). In commercial glasshouses whitefly populations are often managed with biocontrol, typically the parasitoid Encarsia formosia (Hanan et al 2017 ). However, issues such as delayed efficacy and hyper-parasitism can result in failure, meaning there is still a reliance on synthetic chemical sprays (George et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds as Insect Repellents and Plant Elicitors: an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

et al. 2020

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The glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) is a polyphagous arthropod pest that is of particular detriment to glasshouse grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) across temperate regions of the world. Control of whiteflies with synthetic pesticides has resulted in the evolution of resistant genotypes and a reduction in natural enemies, thus highlighting the need for environmentally sound control strategies. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) offer an environmentally benign alternative to synthetic chemical sprays and this study explored the use of VOCs as insect repellents and plant defence elicitors to control whiteflies on tomato in a commercial glasshouse setting. Limonene in the form of a volatile dispenser system was found to successfully repel whitefly from the target crop and increased fruit yield by 32% during a heavy whitefly infestation. Analysis of tomato herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) led us to select methyl salicylate (MeSA) as the plant elicitor and application of MeSA to un-infested tomato plants was found to successfully reduce whitefly population development and increase yield by 11%, although this difference was marginally statistically significant. Combination of these two methods was also effective but whitefly abundance in combined plots was similar to the standalone limonene treatment across the course of the experiment. All of the VOC based control methods we used had a negative impact on whitefly performance, with more pronounced effects during the first few weeks of infestation. In subsequent laboratory experiments, we found elevated peroxidase (POD) activity and a significant increase in TPX1 and PR1 transcripts in MeSA treated plants. This led us to deduce that MeSA immediately induced plant defences, rather than priming them. We did however see evidence for residual priming, as plants treated with MeSA and infested with whiteflies produced significantly higher levels of POD activity than whitefly infestation alone. Despite the fact that our treatments failed to synergise, our methods can be optimised further, and the effectiveness of the standalone treatments is promising for future studies. In particular, our repellent limonene dispensers were extremely effective at deterring whiteflies and offer a low economic cost and easy to implement whitefly control option. The methods we have used here could be incorporated into current integrated pest management (IPM) systems, a sustainable approach to pest control which will be central to our efforts to manage whitefly populations under glass in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds as Insect Repellents and Plant Elicitors: an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

et al. 2020

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“…This could be attributed to the significantly positive interactions between parasitoid and host densities. This property should encourage aggregation of parasitoids on host patches of high density, leading to the collapse of host patches (Hassell & May 1973;Kidd & Jervis 2005;Hanan et al 2017) and preventing pest outbreaks from these patches. In two studies, there was a positive association between host acceptance by the Ovipositing female and larval survivorship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behavior of Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on three aphid species [Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora and Rhopalosiphum maidis] (Homoptera: Aphididae)

EL-Mezain,

Ibrahim,

EL-Khawass

2021

Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research

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The acceptance and suitability of three aphid species [Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] (Homoptera: Aphididae) for the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) were studied and evaluated. Parasitoid female parasitized fewer R. maidis than the other two aphid species. Also, fewer offspring successfully completed development in R. maidis than in the other two host species, suggesting that R. maidis is a poor quality host for the mentioned parasitoid. No significant differences in sex ratios of emerging parasitoid adults between A. colemani reared on the three aphid species. Ovipositing A. colemani encountered R. maidis at a slower rate, also, parasitoid offspring died at a higher rate in R. maidis compared to A. gossypii. The results showed that oviposition behavior and offspring performance were correlated. The results of this research can be used for establishing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against aphid species.

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“…No sequences were assigned to Aleurocanthus genus, probably because less represented than Bemisia or other Aleyrodidae in the databases. Remarkably, some contigs assembled by Velvet were assigned to the genus Eretmocerus Mercet (Hymenoptera), an Aleyrodidae parasitoid [57], and to the sub-order Cucujiformia (Coleoptera: Polyphaga), that encompasses plant-eating beetles and insect-predators [58].…”

Section: Aleurocanthus Spiniferus Was Found For the First Time On Ailmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Ailanthus altissima: Profiling of the Insect Microbiome and MicroRNAs

Bubici

Prigigallo

Garganese

et al. 2020

Insects

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We report the first occurrence of the orange spiny whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus; OSW) on the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Bari, Apulia region, Italy. After our first observation in 2016, the infestation recurred regularly during the following years and expanded to the neighboring trees. Since then, we have also found the insect on numerous patches of the tree of heaven and other plant species in the Bari province. Nevertheless, the tree of heaven was not particularly threatened by the insect, so that a possible contribution by OSW for the control of such an invasive plant cannot be hypothesized hitherto. This work was also aimed at profiling the microbiome of OSW feeding on A. altissima. For this purpose, we used the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs). Both techniques unveiled the presence of “Candidatus Portiera” (primary endosymbiont), Wolbachia sp. and Rickettsia sp., endosymbionts already reported for other Aleyrodidae. Deep sequencing data were analyzed by four computational pipelines in order to understand the reliability of the detection of fungi, bacteria, and viruses: Kraken, Kaiju, Velvet, and VelvetOptimiser. Some contigs assembled by Velvet or VelvetOptimiser were associated with insects, but not necessarily in the Aleurocanthus genus or Aleyrodidae family, suggesting the non-specificity of sRNAs or possible traces of parasitoids in the sample (e.g., Eretmocerus sp.). Finally, deep sequencing data were used to describe the microtranscriptome of OSW: 56 canonical and at least four high-confidence novel microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified. The overall miRNA abundance in OSW was in agreement with previous works on Bemisia tabaci, and bantam-3p, miR-276a-3p, miR-317-3p, miR-750-3p, and mir-8-3p were the most represented miRNAs.

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Insight into the success of whitefly biological control using parasitoids: evidence from the Eretmocerus warrae−Trialeurodes vaporariorum system

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Volatile Organic Compounds as Insect Repellents and Plant Elicitors: an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

Volatile Organic Compounds as Insect Repellents and Plant Elicitors: an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

Foraging behavior of Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on three aphid species [Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora and Rhopalosiphum maidis] (Homoptera: Aphididae)

First Report of Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Ailanthus altissima: Profiling of the Insect Microbiome and MicroRNAs

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