Insight into the Role of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy

Abstract

<jats:p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, and are considered a promising cell population for cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration. MSCs are isolated from various organs including dental pulp, which originates from cranial neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been isolated from dental pulp tissue of adult permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, respectively. Because of their MSC-like characteristics such as high growth capacity, multipotency, expression of MSC-related markers, and immunomodulatory effects, they are suggested to be an important cell source for tissue regeneration. Here, we review the features of these cells, their potential to regenerate damaged tissues, and the recently acquired understanding of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.</jats:p>

Aging and Senescence of Dental Pulp and Hard Tissues of the Tooth

“…Dental pulp stem cells (Gronthos et al, 2000) have attracted considerable attention as promising cells for regenerative endodontics (Murray et al, 2007) and systemic regenerative medicine (Anitua et al, 2018;Yoshida et al, 2020). This attention has arisen because DPSCs exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types such as odontoblastic cells, dental pulp cells, neuronal cells, vascular endothelial cells, retinal cells, islet cells, hepatocytes, smooth muscle cells, osteoblastic cells, adipocytes, and chondrocytes (Anitua et al, 2018;Yoshida et al, 2020). Additionally, during acquisition of DPSCs from patients, invasive stress is very low relative to stem cell isolation from other organs and tissues.…”

USP34 regulates tooth root morphogenesis by stabilizing NFIC

“…Given the urgency of efficient therapeutic methods for root defects in clinic, tooth regeneration has been presented as a promising therapeutic target. [26][27][28] Figuring out the molecular mechanisms of root morphogenesis is an inevitable step for developing new therapeutic approaches. 29 Reducing expression of Gli1 by suppressing hedgehog can partially restore the proliferation ability of DPCs, promoting root elongate in Nfic-deficient mice.…”

Bioactive Synthetic Peptides for Oral Tissues Regeneration

“…It contains a heterogeneous population of cells such as fibroblastic cells, stem cells, capillary blood vessels, peripheral nerves, lymphatic elements, as well as cells from the immune system, extracellular matrix represented by fibers, and fundamental substance. Collagen fibers are concentrated to form supporting elements for blood vessels and nerve trunks that course from the root apex to the coronal pulp chamber (Garant, 2003;Yoshida et al, 2020).…”