Insight into the microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete: Cast versus printed specimens

Assessment of pore structure characteristics and tortuosity of 3D printed concrete using mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray tomography

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that the total volume of capillary pores increases in the 3D printed compared to the mould cast concrete. Previous studies on 3D printed concrete showed similar results [10,62,63]. This can be attributed to the presence of interconnected pores at the interlayer region.…”

Sustainable performance of alkali-activated blast furnace cement concrete with high freeze-thaw resistance

“…This fact can be confirmed by numerous scientific researches concerning durability of structures which are exposed to different aggressive effects, i.e. atmospheric [20], freeze-thaw cycles [21], alkali of aggregate [22], seawater [23], high temperatures [24], fire [25,26], etc. Proposed recommendations to ensure durability of structures while use of recycled concrete [27][28][29].…”

Economía circular en la industria de la construcción por impresión 3D: una solución de diseño, durabilidad, materiales y procesos para lograr la vivienda digna, asequible y sostenible en Nuevo León y México

“…However, the use of advanced materials is also possible to decrease structural or durability problems, e.g., in the case where reinforcement is required in the 3D-printed element, it is possible to introduce rods, wire or steel fibers, basalt, polypropylene, etc. (Ding et al, 2020;El Inaty et al, 2022;Robayo-Salazar et al, 2023;Sikora et al, 2022;Song and Li, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). It is worth mentioning that research on 3D-printed elements for different exposure conditions and aggressive agents is still ongoing, therefore the 3DPCM should be adapted to the regions of the country, being evaluated for long periods of time, and seeking the optimization of durability properties using local materials (Mendoza-Rangel and Diaz-Aguilera, 2023; Song and Li, 2021).…”