Insight into liquefaction process of sawdust with hydrogen donor solvents

Song, Lei; Ouyang, Yuqing; Huang, Shineng; Li, Zhiheng; Sun, Min

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106444

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The solvent's heat and mass transfer ability will affect the biomass's conversion rate and liquid production. Song et al [66] used different solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and tetrahydronaphthalene) to liquefy sawdust at 320 • C for 30 min. They found that cyclohexanol's product conversion efficiency and liquid yield were the highest, as depicted in Figure 9a.…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Solvent Effects in Biomass Liquefaction Conversion

Ming,

Yang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Energies

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Liquefaction conversion technology has become one of the hottest biomass conversion methods due to its flexible material selection and extensive product applications. Exploring biomass liquefaction conversion focuses on catalysts, biomass/water ratio, and reaction temperature. However, it is found that solvents are crucial in the biomass liquefaction process and significantly impact the type of liquefied products and bio-oil yield. Given the current rapid development trend, timely sorting and summary of the solvent effect in the biomass liquefaction process can promote the subsequent development and industrialization of more efficient and cleaner biomass liquefaction technology. Therefore, this review first introduces the characteristics of water as the liquefaction solvent, then summarizes the effects of organic solvents on liquefaction, and finally elaborates on the synergistic effect of co-solvents, which provides a more systematic overview of solvent effects in the liquefaction process. Meanwhile, prospects are put forward for the future development of biomass liquefaction conversion.

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Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Solvent Effects in Biomass Liquefaction Conversion

Ming,

Yang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…As liquefaction consists of a series of de-polymerizations, alcohol solvents can react with the degradation products of the macromolecules and be integrated into the structure of the resulting polyol mixture [30]. One example of such possible reactions is the esterification of carboxylic acid compounds with the solvent PG [30,39,40].…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All polyol spectra show large peaks between 1085 and 1034 cm −1 , which are usually assigned to vibrations of lignin derivatives, and also cellulose-and hemicellulose-derived oligomers, which are still present in the polyol sample [12,34]. For PolyIII, the larger band at 1085 cm −1 may indicate the presence of more ester compounds, which can be from parallel esterification reactions [39,40] of PG solvent with carboxylic acid products of the depolymerization. This would be in agreement with the previous peak, at 1264 cm −1 .…”

Section: Attenuated Total Reflection-fourier Transform Infrared Spect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solvent capacity to act as hydrogen donor also influences the efficiency of the process. It is stated that the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent may facilitate the hydrocracking of large molecules as well as the stabilization of free radicals and molecular rearrangements [39,40]. A low mass ratio of biomass to solvent, commonly 1:3 to 1:5, contributes to high reaction yield as the products are more readily extracted to the solvent medium [32,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of BioPolyurethane Coatings from Biomass-Derived Alkylphenol Polyols—A Green Alternative

et al. 2023

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Bio-based polyols were obtained from the thermochemical liquefaction of two biomass feedstocks, pinewood and Stipa tenacissima, with conversion rates varying between 71.9 and 79.3 wt.%, and comprehensively characterized. They exhibit phenolic and aliphatic moieties displaying hydroxyl (OH) functional groups, as confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The biopolyols obtained were successfully employed as a green raw material to produce bio-based polyurethane (BioPU) coatings on carbon steel substrates, using, as an isocyanate source, a commercial bio-based polyisocyanate—Desmodur® Eco N7300. The BioPU coatings were analyzed in terms of chemical structure, the extent of the reaction of the isocyanate species, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and adhesion strength. They show moderate thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C, and a mild hydrophobicity, displaying contact angles between 68° and 86°. The adhesion tests reveal similar pull-off strength values (ca. 2.2 MPa) for the BioPU either prepared with pinewood and Stipa-derived biopolyols (BPUI and BPUII). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out on the coated substrates for 60 days in 0.05 M NaCl solution. Good corrosion protection properties were achieved for the coatings, with particular emphasis on the coating prepared with the pinewood-derived polyol, which exhibited a low-frequency impedance modulus normalized for the coating thickness of 6.1 × 1010 Ω cm at the end of the 60 days test, three times higher than for coatings prepared with Stipa-derived biopolyols. The produced BioPU formulations show great potential for application as coatings, and for further modification with bio-based fillers and corrosion inhibitors.

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“…Alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and isopropanol, are also considered to be hydrogen-donating compounds. − However, since the dissociation energies of -O-H bonds are much higher than those of ARCH 2 -H bonds, directly donating H • by cleaving -O-H bonds is difficult. In fact, the alkoxy group in an alkanol is a nucleophilic group, which can attack a carbon atom connected with an oxygen atom and subsequently cleave the >CH 2 -O- or >C ar -O- bonds followed by hydrogen transfer from the -OH group in the alkanol to the oxygen atom; i.e., the hydrogen donation of alkanols is induced by alkanolyses. − …”

Section: The Roles Of Benzylic Hydrogen In the Nchc Of Heavy Carbon R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

Wei

Bai

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Low-rank coals, biomass, and heavy petroleum are typical heavy carbon resources, which are currently not efficiently used, and many processes for the current use of the heavy carbon resources cause severe environmental pollution with very limited economic benefits even with a great deficit. Efficiently using the heavy carbon resources can greatly improve the environment and create huge economic benefits. The main difficulty in efficiently using the heavy carbon resources is the high content of aromatic rings (ARs) and heteroatoms in addition to the insoluble and complex macromolecular structures of the heavy carbon resources. Catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) includes catalytic hydrocracking and subsequent catalytic hydrofining. Many low-rank coals consist of macromolecular species, which are rich in bridged linkages connecting structural units, especially ARs, on which side chains are usually contained. Many ARs, bridged linkages, and side chains contain heteroatoms. Over a proper active catalyst, many bridged linkages and even some side chains can be cleaved, and many heteroatoms outside the ARs can be removed by the CHC under mild conditions to get soluble portions with relatively simple composition, facilitating subsequent separation to obtain pure chemicals, especially value-added products, such as condensed aromatics. The remaining economically inseparable species can be converted to liquid chemicals, especially nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted cyclanes, by subsequent catalytic hydrofining. Catalysts and catalytically formed active hydrogen play crucial roles in the processes. Mainly based on our investigations, the related advances are reviewed in this work.

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Insight into liquefaction process of sawdust with hydrogen donor solvents

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Recent Advances of Solvent Effects in Biomass Liquefaction Conversion

Recent Advances of Solvent Effects in Biomass Liquefaction Conversion

Development of BioPolyurethane Coatings from Biomass-Derived Alkylphenol Polyols—A Green Alternative

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

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