Insight into Friedel-Crafts acylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene to 2,5-dimethoxyacetophenone catalysed by solid acids—mechanism, kinetics and remedies for deactivation

Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives over Acid Activated Clay in Kerman Province and Kinetic Modeling

“…(ii) If wp C 1, then the reaction is intrinsically kinetically controlled (Yadav et al, 2002, Yadav et al, 2007.…”

Review of SO 2− 4 /M x O y solid superacid catalysts

“…Some researchers reported to use SO 2 -4 =M x O y catalysts for the alkylation of acylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation, such as the acetylation of benzo-15-crown-5 [89], benzoylation [90], acetylation [91], and aromatic ethers [11].…”

“…The conversion of propionic anhydride and selectivity for 4-methoxypropiophenone at an anisole to propionic anhydride mole ratio of 5 ∶ 1, using UDCaT-5 (0.05 g/cm 3 ) at 383 K were 57% and 98.6%, respectively. The Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic ethers, the synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyacetophenone, an intermediate used in the production of fine chemicals, was studied in their subsequent publication [11]. The result showed that the synthesis was carried out via acylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene with acetic anhydride over various solid acid catalysts, such as sulfated zirconia, UDCaT-1, UDCaT-5, 20% w/w H 3 P 1 2 W 4 0 /K 1 0 , 20% w/w Cs 2.5 H 0.5 P 12 W 40 /K 10 , Amberlyst-15, and Indion-125.…”

“…On the contrary, solid superacids have some additional advantages over these conventional acids, such as strong acid sites, nontoxicity, noncorrosiveness, easily handling, low cost, and easy to recover and recycling. So solid superacid have attracted many attentions in theoretical research [1] and synthetic application, such as isomerization [2][3][4], cracking [5,6], dehydration [7,8], alkylation [9], acylation [10,11], dehydration and dealkylation [12,13], FriedelCrafts [14,15], and other new applications.…”

Environmentally Friendly Efficient One-Pot Electrochemical Synthesis of 2,4-Dimethylanisole by Selective Oxidation of m-Xylene in Methanol with Metals Promoted Sulfated Zirconia

“…In recent decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to SO 4 2– /M x O y -type solid superacids, which exhibit better properties over traditional liquid acids and liquid superacids. − As one kind of green catalyst, they have been reported in theoretical research and synthetic application, such as isomerization, − cracking, , dehydration, , alkylation, acylation, , dehydration and dealkylation, , Friedel–Crafts, , and other new applications.…”