Review of SO 2− 4 /M x O y solid superacid catalysts

Abstract

Some metal oxides modified with sulfate ions form highly acidic or superacidic catalysts. SO 2 -4 =M x O y solid superacid catalysts, play a vital role in more and more fields such as organic synthesis, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and means for strengthening environmental safeguards. This review highlights the recent development of solid superacid catalysts based on SO 2 -4 =M x O y , including synthesis method, characterization of acid sites and acid strength, and applications.

Synthesis of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel via effectual recyclable bi-functional Fe2O3MnOSO42−/ZrO2 nanoparticle solid catalyst

“…The S2p emission was located at about 168.6 eV (Fig. 3(c)) and implies the existence of S +6 in agreement with that comparative to the sulfur of the sulfates and to previous studies dealing with sulfate group promoted zirconia catalysts [33]. Fig.…”

“…The higher binding energy species (185.5 eV) matched to the development of the zirconium (+4) component attached to a non-metal. The entire lack of influences on the profile of the 3d-orbital of the zirconium emission line has been extremely remarkable and suggestive of the different strength and environment of the interactions involved between ZrO 2 and the SO 4 2À anion [33,34]. The S2p emission was located at about 168.6 eV (Fig.…”

Interaction and UV-Stability of Various Organic Capping Agents on the Surface of Anatase Nanoparticles

“…A large variety of investigations have been conducted in the past regarding the adsorption of surfactants to metal oxides for specific interaction with molecules or materials, to prevent agglomeration or to induce self-organization [9]. Organic compounds, which are majorly used as metal oxide modifiers, are carboxylic acids, thiols, silanes, phosphonates, and rarely amines [8,10–12]. There are many discussions about the mechanism of interaction of ionic surfactants to the metal oxide nanoparticles.…”

Synthesis of 1-Bromooctane Catalyzed by Solid Super Acid SO4 2–/ZrO2-ZnO

“…Recently considerable attention has been devoted to the super solid acids. Generally, these catalysts offer several advantages, such as strong acid sites, nontoxicity, noncorrosive-ness, easily handling, mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, low cost and easy to recover and recycling 8 . In this work, a kind of solid super catalyst sulfated zirconia and zinc oxide was prepared and its performance applying in synthesis of 1-bromooctane was investigated.…”