Insertion of host DNA into PVL-encoding phages of the Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST80 by intra-chromosomal recombination

Wirtz, Christiane; Witte, Wolfgang; Wolz, Christiane; Goerke, Christiane

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.017

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…LukS/F and eta reside on unrelated prophages that integrate at different positions into the genome, and etb is commonly encoded by a plasmid, whose mode of interaction with prophages is not known. We noted that one of the genomes from clade F (isolate 09-00227 with eta ) lacked the attachment site for the lukS/F -carrying phage [36] due to a deletion event. However, by using a dedicated PCR (Table S8), we found that this deletion was not a common feature of clade F isolates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 121 Are Associated with Distinct Clinical Entities

et al. 2013

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We investigated the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex CC121 by mutation discovery at 115 genetic housekeeping loci from each of 154 isolates, sampled on five continents between 1953 and 2009. In addition, we pyro-sequenced the genomes from ten representative isolates. The genome-wide SNPs that were ascertained revealed the evolutionary history of CC121, indicating at least six major clades (A to F) within the clonal complex and dating its most recent common ancestor to the pre-antibiotic era. The toxin gene complement of CC121 isolates was correlated with their SNP-based phylogeny. Moreover, we found a highly significant association of clinical phenotypes with phylogenetic affiliations, which is unusual for S. aureus. All isolates evidently sampled from superficial infections (including staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo, exfoliative dermatitis, conjunctivitis) clustered in clade F, which included the European epidemic fusidic-acid resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC). In comparison, isolates from deep-seated infections (abscess, furuncle, pyomyositis, necrotizing pneumonia) were disseminated in several clades, but not in clade F. Our results demonstrate that phylogenetic lineages with distinct clinical properties exist within an S. aureus clonal complex, and that SNPs serve as powerful discriminatory markers, able to identify these lineages. All CC121 genomes harboured a 41-kilobase prophage that was dissimilar to S. aureus phages sequenced previously. Community-associated MRSA and MSSA from Cambodia were extremely closely related, suggesting this MRSA arose in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 121 Are Associated with Distinct Clinical Entities

et al. 2013

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“…Then, φSaBov EGC is integrated into the attEGC R , resulting in the transfer of the egc and the duplication of the region spanning between attN L and attEGC R . Homologous recombination events occur upstream of the SAB1676 gene, and downstream of attEGC R with the linear phage DNA introduced by φSaBov LUK , resulting in the removal of the duplicating region spanning between attN L and attEGC R and the replacement of the region spanning the lukE gene, similar to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-phage mediated homologous recombination events between direct repeats of the two paralogous genes adjacent to the phage integration site 19 . As a result, nearly all of the νSaβ (from the 141 bp upstream of the start codon of SAB1676 gene to the attN R sequence at the tRNA-Ser, a size of 65,767 bp) from strain RF122 was transferred to the recipient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-mediated horizontal transfer of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence-associated genomic island

Moon

Park

Hwang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of humans and animals. The capacity of S. aureus to adapt to different host species and tissue types is strongly influenced by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding determinants involved in niche adaptation. The genomic islands νSaα and νSaβ are found in almost all S. aureus strains and are characterized by extensive variation in virulence gene content. However the basis for the diversity and the mechanism underlying mobilization of the genomic islands between strains are unexplained. Here, we demonstrated that the genomic island, νSaβ, encoding an array of virulence factors including staphylococcal superantigens, proteases, and leukotoxins, in addition to bacteriocins, was transferrable in vitro to human and animal strains of multiple S. aureus clones via a resident prophage. The transfer of the νSaβ appears to have been accomplished by multiple conversions of transducing phage particles carrying overlapping segments of the νSaβ. Our findings solve a long-standing mystery regarding the diversification and spread of the genomic island νSaβ, highlighting the central role of bacteriophages in the pathogenic evolution of S. aureus.

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“…In a recent paper by Wirtz et al, treatment of an ST80 strain with mitomycin C showed unusual prophage excision, in the course of which bacterial DNA was incorporated in the phage genome (41). This phenomenon was not apparent in an MW2 strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The PVL phages in the remainder could not be fully characterized by PCR as described by Ma et al (29), highlighting the limited specificity range of the scheme (3,33) in addition to the potential for misleading data in detecting phage DNA, as S. aureus can carry multiple lysogenized phages (7). A seventh PVL-encoding phage, ⌽tp310-1, has recently been identified, and this may be harbored by some of the isolates where phage type was not identified (41). Nevertheless, the specific PCR developed in this work detected ⌽Sa2USA in a large number of diverse isolates (n ϭ 37, including CC1, -5, and -8 and ST93).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Bacteriophages Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) among International Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Harboring PVL

et al. 2011

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Genetically diverse community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) can harbor a bacteriophage encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) lysogenized into its chromosome (prophage). Six PVL phages (⌽PVL, ⌽108PVL, ⌽SLT, ⌽Sa2MW, ⌽Sa2USA, and ⌽Sa2958) are known, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PVL genes have been reported. We sought to determine the distribution of lysogenized PVL phages among MRSA strains with PVL (PVL-MRSA strains), the PVL gene sequences, and the chromosomal phage insertion sites in 114 isolates comprising nine clones of PVL-MRSA that were selected for maximal underlying genetic diversity. The six PVL phages were identified by PCR; ⌽Sa2USA was present in the highest number of different lineages (multilocus sequence type clonal complex 1 [CC1], CC5, CC8, and sequence type 93 [ST93]) (n ‫؍‬ 37 isolates). Analysis of 92 isolates confirmed that PVL phages inserted into the same chromosomal insertion locus in CC22, -30, and -80 but in a different locus in isolates of CC1, -5, -8, -59, and -88 and ST93 (and CC22 in two isolates). Within the two different loci, specific attachment motifs were found in all cases, although some limited inter-and intralineage sequence variation occurred. Overall, lineage-specific relationships between the PVL phage, the genes that encode the toxin, and the position at which the phage inserts into the host chromosome were identified. These analyses provide important insights into the microepidemiology of PVL-MRSA, will prove a valuable adjunct in outbreak investigation, and may help predict the emergence of new strains.

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Insertion of host DNA into PVL-encoding phages of the Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST80 by intra-chromosomal recombination

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 121 Are Associated with Distinct Clinical Entities

Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 121 Are Associated with Distinct Clinical Entities

Phage-mediated horizontal transfer of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence-associated genomic island

Distinct Bacteriophages Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) among International Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Harboring PVL

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