Abstract:Noncoding RNAs, mobile elements, and alternative splicing are all critical for the regulation of gene expression. Here we show that a conserved noncoding RNA acquires a new function due to the insertion of a mobile element. We identified a noncoding RNA, termed 5S-OT, which is transcribed from 5S rDNA loci in eukaryotes including fission yeast and mammals. 5S-OT plays a cis role in regulating the transcription of 5S rRNA in mice and humans. In the anthropoidea suborder of primates, an antisense Alu element has… Show more
“…Recently, we have described an lncRNA expressed from 5S rDNA locus and therefore named it 5S-OT (OT stands for overlapping transcript) [33]. From fission yeast to humans, this lncRNA is relatively conserved, and regulates the transcription of 5S rRNA by RNAPIII in cis (Figure1A) [37], [38]. Conserved at the sequence, synteny, and functional level in eukaryotic cells, 5S-OT may be one of the most ancient lncRNAs transcribed by RNAPII.…”
Section: Evolution Of Lncrnasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been shown in the study that 5S-OT plays critical role in the differentiation of human cells. Since Alu elements are primate-specific, it is highly possible that this Alu and 5S-OT dependent splicing regulation may have contributed to transcriptome divergence of primate from the rest of the mammals [37].Figure 1 Functional mechanisms of some primate-specific lncRNAs A. In mammals, 5S-OT regulates its own transcription by acting in cis , whereas in humans it can also act in trans by interacting with splicing factor U2AF65, thus modulating alternate splicing.…”
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in essentially all life forms. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two important RNA classes possessing regulatory functions. Up to date, many primate-specific ncRNAs have been identified and investigated. Their expression specificity to primate lineage suggests primate-specific roles. It is thus critical to elucidate the biological significance of primate or even human-specific ncRNAs, and to develop potential ncRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we have summarized the studies regarding regulatory roles of some key primate-specific lncRNAs and miRNAs.
“…Recently, we have described an lncRNA expressed from 5S rDNA locus and therefore named it 5S-OT (OT stands for overlapping transcript) [33]. From fission yeast to humans, this lncRNA is relatively conserved, and regulates the transcription of 5S rRNA by RNAPIII in cis (Figure1A) [37], [38]. Conserved at the sequence, synteny, and functional level in eukaryotic cells, 5S-OT may be one of the most ancient lncRNAs transcribed by RNAPII.…”
Section: Evolution Of Lncrnasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been shown in the study that 5S-OT plays critical role in the differentiation of human cells. Since Alu elements are primate-specific, it is highly possible that this Alu and 5S-OT dependent splicing regulation may have contributed to transcriptome divergence of primate from the rest of the mammals [37].Figure 1 Functional mechanisms of some primate-specific lncRNAs A. In mammals, 5S-OT regulates its own transcription by acting in cis , whereas in humans it can also act in trans by interacting with splicing factor U2AF65, thus modulating alternate splicing.…”
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in essentially all life forms. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two important RNA classes possessing regulatory functions. Up to date, many primate-specific ncRNAs have been identified and investigated. Their expression specificity to primate lineage suggests primate-specific roles. It is thus critical to elucidate the biological significance of primate or even human-specific ncRNAs, and to develop potential ncRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we have summarized the studies regarding regulatory roles of some key primate-specific lncRNAs and miRNAs.
“…59 lncRNA 5S-OT regulates alternative splicing multiple genes after an antisense Alu element was inserted. 60 (b) lncRNA could control nuclear/cytoplasm shuttling of mRNA and thus affects mRNA's translation and results protein level's change. (c) lncRNA could control mRNA and protein stability.…”
The nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (abbreviated as NEAT1), a nuclear sufficient long noncoding RNA (abbreviated as lncRNA), has aroused a rising concern in recent years. As uncovered by reports, the increase in NEAT1 is related to the deteriorated prognosis of lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (abbreviated as CRC). Thus far, the mechanism of NEAT1 has not been elucidated by the existing researches. The impact of knockdown of both NEAT1 and its predicted downstream miR‐193a‐3p in CRC cells was examined here to delve into their interactions and mechanisms. Additionally, the target of miR‐193a‐3p, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (abbreviated as KRAS), was also predicted by bioinformatics algorithms. Small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit NEAT1, as well as overexpression or knockdown of miR‐193a‐3p, were adequately drawn upon to confirm that NEAT1 serves as a miR‐193a‐3p sponge or competing endogenous RNA, to impact miR‐193a‐3p's further functions, including modulating KRAS proteins, both in vitro and in vivo. Generally, lncRNA NEAT1/hsa‐miR‐193a‐3p/KRAS axis was substantiated in CRC cells and could provide novel insight into both diagnostic and therapeutic advancement in CRC.
“…The formation of Alu exons is suppressed by the nuclear ribonucleoprotein HNRNPC, which acts by competing with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/U2AF65 for binding to the antisense Alu elements and thereby prevents the recognition of cryptic 3′ splice sites . A human long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) named 5S‐OT was shown to regulate alternative splicing of multiple genes via RNA–RNA complementation mediated by the antisense Alu sequences at the 3′ end and by interacting with the splicing factor http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/U2AF65 . It was also possibly involved in the biogenesis of circRNAs.…”
Section: Biogenesis Of Circular Rna: Insight Into Tissue‐specific Expmentioning
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered type of RNA generated by back‐splicing of precursor mRNA and found in many species. They are, expressed in a tissue‐specific manner and fulfill regulatory activities in many biological processes. Recent research has revealed that circRNAs play critical roles in the development and pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Some of these circRNAs show aberrant expression and regulatory activities during heart disease including heart failure and cardiac infarction and hypertrophy. These findings suggest that circRNAs might be a suitable target for the treatment and prevention of heart disease. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs with emphasis on the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the development and pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
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