“…Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), as an emerging spectral analysis technology, has been widely used in space exploration, archaeology, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, industrial process analysis, and other fields. 9–14 A high-energy laser focusing on the surface of the sample excites the plasma, and the emission spectra of plasma are processed to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis. LIBS technology can analyse samples at a high speed, with little or no preparation, and in situ , making it possible for efficient, remote, and extreme environment analysis.…”