Insecticide Uptake from Soils, Absorption of Insecticidal Residues from Contaminated Soils into Five Carrot Varieties

Lichtenstein, E. P.; Myrdal, Gerald R; Schulz, K. R.

doi:10.1021/jf60138a008

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Because of this long-term persistence in the environment, insecticides such as DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, and other anthropogenic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins; PCDDs), and furans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans; PCDFs), are collectively referred to as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Wania et al, 1996). In the 1950s and 1960s E. P. Lichtenstein, an entomologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, published extensively on the persistence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soil and their translocation in plants (Lichtenstein, 1959(Lichtenstein, , 1960Schulz, 1960, 1965;Lichtenstein et al, 1965a). Most of Lichtenstein's work, as well as that of others (Harris et al, 1967;Ahrens et al, 1968), focused on root crops, although cucumbers (Lichtenstein, 1960;Lichtenstein et al, 1965b), lettuce (Lichtenstein, 1960), alfalfa (King et al, 1966), and soybeans (Bruce et al, 1966) were included in some trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

Mattina

Iannucci-Berger

Dykas

2000

J. Agric. Food Chem.

134

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Chlordane is a member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a group of chemicals characterized by extremely long residence in the environment after application. Technical chlordane, composed of a large number of components, is a synthetic organochlorine substance that was used primarily as an insecticide. Uptake by root crops of persistent soil residues of chlordane was noted early in the chronology of the material. The present report is the first comprehensive study of the uptake of weathered soil residues of chlordane and its translocation throughout the tissues of food crops under both greenhouse and field conditions. The data show that for all 12 crops chlordane is not limited to root tissue but is translocated from the root to some of the aerial tissues. Chlordane accumulation in edible aerial tissue appears to be dependent on plant physiology. As expected, chlordane was detected in the edible root tissue of the three root crops examined, carrots, beets, and potatoes. In the remaining crops chlordane was detected in the edible aerial tissue of spinach, lettuce, dandelion, and zucchini, whereas it was not detected in edible aerial tissue of tomatoes, peppers, and corn; trace amounts of chlordane were detected in the edible aerial tissue of bush beans and eggplant. Under the conditions of the field trial the data indicate that for weathered chlordane residues, the soil-to-plant uptake route dominates over the air-to-plant uptake route. This is the case even when the soil concentration of the recalcitrant, weathered residues, for which volatilization is expected to be minimal, is as high as it would be directly following application. Greenhouse trials confirm this observation for zucchini, a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, which bioaccumulates weathered chlordane very efficiently in its edible fruits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

Mattina

Iannucci-Berger

Dykas

2000

J. Agric. Food Chem.

134

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“…Numerous studies have investigated the levels of pesticide residues in crops/plants accumulated from contaminated soils [12][13][14][15][16][17], especially the persistent organochlorine insecticides. Despite the observed effects of soil type on plant uptake, there are no clear ways to estimate the absorbed levels of contaminants in plants grown in different soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of chlorpyrifos residue from soil to Korean cabbage

Hwang

Moon

2018

Appl Biol Chem

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The loss of residual chlorpyrifos in soil and the amount translocated to Korean cabbage were investigated in this study. Field trials with Korean cabbage were carried out in two greenhouses located in Yongin (Field 1) and Gwangju (Field 2). Soil and Korean cabbage samples were collected on different days following the treatment of soil with chlorpyrifos at two different rates. The initial amounts of residue in soil were 1.15 and 3.58 mg/kg, and these decreased to 0.22 and 0.49 mg/kg at 36 days after treatment (DAT) in Field 1. These values were 20.9 and 59.3 mg/kg, decreasing to 3.03 and 5.24 mg/kg at 43 DAT in Field 2, respectively. In Field 1, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 15.0 and 10.2 days in soil treated with 0.12 and 0.24 g a.i./m 2 , respectively. In Field 2, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 27.7 and 9.6 days following application of 0.36 and 0.72 g a.i./m 2 , respectively. When compared with the initial concentration in soil, the absorption ratio of chlorpyrifos residue to Korean cabbage was 0.93-6.01 and 0.57-2.61%, respectively. Therefore, safe management guidelines for chlorpyrifos in soil used to cultivate Korean cabbage may be suggested as 3.3 mg/kg regarding the maximum residue limit of chlorpyrifos on Korean cabbage (0.2 mg/kg).

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“…In particular, E.P. Lichtenstein, an entomologist at the University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI, USA), published numerous reports describing uptake by carrots, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, peas, beans, radish, rutabaga, and beets of heptachlor, lindane, aldrin, and DDT [1–5]. The crops were grown in soils that had been treated with the insecticides up to five years earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycling of weathered chlordane residues in the environment: Compositional and chiral profiles in contiguous soil, vegetation, and air compartments

Mattina

White

Eitzer

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Technical chlordane, a synthetic organic pesticide composed of 147 separate components, some of which exhibit optical activity, was used as an insecticide, herbicide, and termiticide prior to all uses being banned in the United States in 1988. It has been shown that food crops grown in soil treated decades earlier with technical chlordane translocate the weathered chlordane residues from the soil into root and aerial plant tissues. A rigorous analytical method is presented for the simultaneous, quantitative determination of both achiral and chiral components of technical chlordane in soil, plant, and air compartments using chiral gas chromatography interfaced to ion trap mass spectrometry and internal standard calibration. Using this method, we have observed differences in both the absolute and the relative amounts of trans- and cis-chlordane enantiomers and achiral trans-nonachlor between the soil compartment and various plant tissue compartments for several field-grown food crops. Changes in the relative amounts of the (+) and (-) enantiomers of trans- and cis-chlordane indicate enantioselective processes are in effect in the contiguous compartments of soil, plant roots, and aerial plant tissues. The data for zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), in particular, show an approximate fivefold enhancement in absolute concentration for total trans-chlordane, an eightfold concentration enhancement for total cis-chlordane, and a 2.5-fold enhancement for trans-nonachlor in the root relative to the soil matrix, the largest enhancements of any crop studied. This is the first comprehensive report of enantioselective processes into and through plant tissues for a variety of field-grown food crops. The selectivity will be related to observed insect toxicities of the enantiomers.

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Insecticide Uptake from Soils, Absorption of Insecticidal Residues from Contaminated Soils into Five Carrot Varieties

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

Translocation of chlorpyrifos residue from soil to Korean cabbage

Cycling of weathered chlordane residues in the environment: Compositional and chiral profiles in contiguous soil, vegetation, and air compartments

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