Translocation of chlorpyrifos residue from soil to Korean cabbage

Abstract

The loss of residual chlorpyrifos in soil and the amount translocated to Korean cabbage were investigated in this study. Field trials with Korean cabbage were carried out in two greenhouses located in Yongin (Field 1) and Gwangju (Field 2). Soil and Korean cabbage samples were collected on different days following the treatment of soil with chlorpyrifos at two different rates. The initial amounts of residue in soil were 1.15 and 3.58 mg/kg, and these decreased to 0.22 and 0.49 mg/kg at 36 days after treatment (DAT) in Field 1. These values were 20.9 and 59.3 mg/kg, decreasing to 3.03 and 5.24 mg/kg at 43 DAT in Field 2, respectively. In Field 1, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 15.0 and 10.2 days in soil treated with 0.12 and 0.24 g a.i./m 2 , respectively. In Field 2, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 27.7 and 9.6 days following application of 0.36 and 0.72 g a.i./m 2 , respectively. When compared with the initial concentration in soil, the absorption ratio of chlorpyrifos residue to Korean cabbage was 0.93-6.01 and 0.57-2.61%, respectively. Therefore, safe management guidelines for chlorpyrifos in soil used to cultivate Korean cabbage may be suggested as 3.3 mg/kg regarding the maximum residue limit of chlorpyrifos on Korean cabbage (0.2 mg/kg).

Dissipation Kinetics and the Pre-Harvest Residue Limits of Acetamiprid and Chlorantraniliprole in Kimchi Cabbage Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The dissipation patterns of acetamiprid and cyantraniliprole in kimchi cabbage over time were expressed by the following first-order kinetics, which is a function of exponential decay. The biological half-lives, which means the time required for the initial residue to decrease by ½, were also calculated as follows [31,48]. C t = C 0 × e −kt , DT 50 = ln2/ k where C 0 is the initial residue concentration of pesticides from field experiments, t is the days after pesticide application, and k is the rate constant of dissipation.…”

Cloning of an organophosphorus hydrolase (opdD) gene of Lactobacillus sakei WCP904 isolated from chlorpyrifos-impregnated kimchi and hydrolysis activities of its gene product for organophosphorus pesticides

“…The fate of CP in the environment has been widely studied, and its half-life in soil varies from 10 to 120 days [3,4], resulting in 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) as the major degradation product. Hwang and Moon [5] recently published data, reporting that the residual CP ratios in Korean cabbage were 0.93-6.01 and 0.57-2.61%, respectively. The CP-degrading fungal strain Verticillium sp.…”

Distribution of chlorpyrifos residue in maize (Zea mays)

“…Soil contaminated with heavy metals or pesticides will cause the plants that grow on the soil to become contaminated. Plants can absorb and transfer pesticide residual chemicals from the soil, which can contaminate food crops [1,[9][10][11][12]. Samples of maize grown on farms in Ejura, Ghana, contained between 0.001 and 0.103 mg kg -1 of organochlorine pesticides, between 0.002 and 0.019 mg kg -1 ) of organophosphorus pesticides, and between 0.002 and 0.028 mg kg -1 of pyrethroid pesticides [2].…”