Insecticidal efficacy and chemical composition of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile seed oils against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract

Botanical pesticides are a new trend for pest management because they are an environmentally safe alternative for synthetic chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the insecticidal activity of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca [L.] Delile) seed oils against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) and determine the oil chemical compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oils were extracted by chloroform, hexane, and ethanol, and they were tested on the pest by the film residue method at doses of 1.131, 0.566, 0.283, and 0.142 mg cm-2 after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Results showed that chloroform achieved a 100% mortality rate at 1.131 and 0.566 mg cm-2 after 12 and 36 h exposure, respectively. Meanwhile, the hexane extract caused a similar effect after 24 and 48 h at the same doses, respectively. The chloroform extract scored the lowest median lethal dose (LD50, 0.134 mg cm-2) against the pest after 48 h of exposure. This finding indicated that chloroform extract was the most toxic for T. castaneum compared with the other extracts. The results of the oil analysis revealed that (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, and (E)-octadec-6enoic acid were the main components, but the concentration differed from one extract to another. These results suggest that chloroform and hexane extracts have potent insecticidal activity and could be used in grain storage to control pests.

Insecticidal activities of long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit extracts against seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus, and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and their effects on seed germination

“…(2021) reported that wild hop extracted from hexane application against granary weevil ( Sitophilus granaries ) found insect mortalities were significantly faster than acetone extract. Mokhtar et al. (2021) indicated that hexane extract from desert date seed was more toxic for red flour beetle ( Tribolium castaneum ) compared with the ethanol extract with LD 50 value of 0.327 and 3.392 mg⋅cm −2 , respectively, at 24 h after treatment by contact toxicity method.…”

Heat‐killed Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 2515 decreased bacterial dose and improved immune resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in juvenile olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus )

“…The experimental feeds contained 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 and 10 9 CFU/g of live P. piscicida 2515, respectively, and 0 CFU/g served as control. After 7 days, the number of dead fish was recorded, probit analysis was used to determine median lethal dose (LD 50 ) values with SPSS version 23.0 (Mokhtar et al, 2021), and blood samples were collected from 9 fish (three replicates) by puncturing the caudal veins. The number of red blood cells was measured by haemocytometer, and the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of serum was determined by diagnostic kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).…”

Assessment of <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> and <i>Sesamum indicum</i> Artisanal Oils Quality and Vitamin Contents

“…B. aegyptiaca oil presents interesting characteristics making it applicable in many areas including food, cosmetics and biodiesel. It also possesses medicinal properties and insecticidal activity [8][9][10]. Seed oil major fatty acids are linoleic (47.84%), oleic (22.80%), palmitic (16.68%) and stearic (11.67%) [11].…”