Insect pests and associated root pathogens of sainfoin in western USA

Morrill, Wendell L.; Ditterline, R. L.; Cash, S.D.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(98)00113-0

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…() concluded sainfoin was suitable as a short‐term forage crop in rotation from among 91 forage species tested on three very diverse sites in Australia. Hwang and Gaudet () found that 16 lines of sainfoin, including those registered at the time in Canada, had “commercially unacceptable susceptibilities to crown and root rot.” Morrill, Ditterline, and Cash () concluded that pathogens responsible for crown rot diseases may be introduced by way of the stem cut at harvest. These authors used a two‐cut system, and as the Canadian cultivars are primarily one‐cut types, perhaps both a late cut and the introduction of disease were conducive to plant loss by crown rot disease, although their trial plots lasted 7 years.…”

Section: Agronomics Of Sainfoin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Sheppard¹,

Cattani

Ominski

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage legume of renewed interest in western Canada, with equally weighted advantages and disadvantages. In agronomic attributes, sainfoin is, at best, equal in yield, crude protein content and persistence to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Sainfoin is equally or more palatable than alfalfa to ruminants, with comparable levels of animal productivity per unit forage consumed. The advantages it has compared to alfalfa include the following: (a) mitigation of frothy bloat; (b) reduced ammonia emissions (more faecal nitrogen (N) and less urinary N); (c) equal or better N retention by ruminants; and (d) anthelmintic protection from intestinal parasites. These advantages may be attributed to the presence of condensed tannins (CT), in legumes such as sainfoin. Emphasis on agronomic characteristics in breeding programmes appears to have led to the inadvertent reduction in the efficacy of CT characteristics. Persistence of sainfoin appears to be dependent on minimal pressure from competing plants, harvest or grazing, and good growth conditions from mid‐summer into fall, allowing for adequate root reserves for survival. It is possible that judicious use of glyphosate in late season might lessen competition in that critical period as sainfoin is more glyphosate‐tolerant than alfalfa. Otherwise, sainfoin may be best considered a short‐lived forage and best adapted for early season harvest or grazing to eliminate the risk of bloat.

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Section: Agronomics Of Sainfoin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Sheppard¹,

Cattani

Ominski

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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“…In addition to fungal diseases, a number of insect and nematode species damage sainfoin stands and reduce seed production in Canada. Weevils of genus Sitona are root feeding insects and may reduce the persistence of the sainfoin plant (Morrill et al 1998). In some localized areas in Canada, potato leaf hopper (Empoasca fabae Harris.)…”

Section: Diseases and Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sainfoin is resistant to alfalfa weevil, and it can be an alternative forage legume to alfalfa in areas where alfalfa weevil causes severe damage. In seven years of field study in Montana, USA, Morrill et al (1998) found no or few alfalfa weevils and pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris.) in sainfoin fields.…”

Section: Diseases and Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.): renewed interest as a forage legume for western Canada

2016

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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage legume that has received renewed interest in western Canada because of its desirable forage characteristics. The objective of this review is to summarize previous studies on the agronomy, forage yield, nutritive value, seed characteristics, and diseases and pests of sainfoin. In addition, the review also focuses on the genetic diversity and registered cultivars of sainfoin and their potential use in temperate grasslands. Past studies have reported that sainfoin has a high nutritive value, and high voluntary intake and palatability to grazing animals. In western Canada, dry matter (DM) yield of sainfoin is 80%–95% that of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Unlike other legumes such as alfalfa, sainfoin does not cause bloat in grazing animals due to the presence of condensed tannins. Sainfoin is suitable for monoculture or binary mixtures with either grasses or alfalfa. Genetic diversity studies revealed that sainfoin germplasm generally has high variation within populations. Genetic variation among plants provides an opportunity to develop improved cultivars with desirable characteristics. However, compared with the other forage legumes, sainfoin is still an underdeveloped forage crop with few cultivars being available in western Canada. New sainfoin cultivars with high DM yield and persistence under regional growing conditions are required.

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“…One such forage is sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), which is a perennial temperate forage legume. Sainfoin is drought resistant and high in protein, has good agronomic properties, and contains moderate condensed tannin levels (3 to 5% of dry matter) (22,25,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli Shedding in Cattle Feces by Using Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) Forage, Tested In Vitro and In Vivo

Berard¹,

Holley²,

McAllister

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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There is a growing concern about the presence of pathogens in cattle manure and its implications on human and environmental health. The phytochemical-rich forage sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and purified phenolics (trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the viability of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, including E. coli O157:H7. MICs were determined using purified phenolics and acetone extracts of sainfoin and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a non-tannin-containing legume. Ground sainfoin or pure phenolics were mixed with fresh cattle feces and inoculated with a ciprofloxacinresistant strain of E. coli, O157:H7, to assess its viability at ؊20°C, 5°C, or 37°C over 14 days. Forty steers were fed either a sainfoin (hay or silage) or alfalfa (hay or silage) diet over a 9-week period. In the in vitro study, the MICs for coumaric (1.2 mg/ml) and cinnamic (1.4 mg/ml) acids were 10-to 20-fold lower than the MICs for sainfoin and alfalfa extracts. In the inoculated feces, the ؊20°C treatment had death rates which were at least twice as high as those of the 5°C treatment, irrespective of the additive used. Sainfoin was less effective than coumaric acid in reducing E. coli O157:H7 Cip r in the inoculated feces. During the animal trial, fecal E. coli numbers declined marginally in the presence of sainfoin (silage and hay) and alfalfa silage but not in the presence of hay, indicating the presence of other phenolics in alfalfa. In conclusion, phenolic-containing forages can be used as a means of minimally reducing E. coli shedding in cattle without affecting animal production.

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Insect pests and associated root pathogens of sainfoin in western USA

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.): renewed interest as a forage legume for western Canada

Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli Shedding in Cattle Feces by Using Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) Forage, Tested In Vitro and In Vivo

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