Insect Pathogenic Fungi: From Genes to Populations

Bidochka, Michael; Kamp, Andrena M.; Croos, J.N. Amritha De

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9546-9_7

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…They are common, obligate pathogens of a wide range of insects, typically infecting adults (except for Entomopthora aquatica J.F. Anderson and Anagnostakis and Entomopthora conglomerata Sorokin (Keller) that have been found on aquatic stages of insects), and unable to grow saprophytically (Bidochka et al 2000;Eilenberg 2000). Many species have restricted host ranges and some predominantly infect mosquitoes (Humber 1997).…”

Section: Zygomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms and Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

Brooke¹,

Hunt

Chandre³

et al. 2002

J Med Entomol

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Section: Zygomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms and Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

Brooke¹,

Hunt

Chandre³

et al. 2002

J Med Entomol

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“…Bidochka et al (2000) stated that the optimum temperature needed for entomopathogenic fungal spores to germinate was 22-27 o C with optimum humidity above 90%, and that the greater the humidity the more virulent the fungi would be. At under 86% humidity, the virulence would decrease continously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi and the Bioefficacy of Their Liquid Production against Leptocorisa oratorius Nymphs

Herlinda¹,

Mulyati²,

Suwandi³

2008

Microbiol Indones

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Entomopathogenic fungi are fungi pathogenic to insects and are widely used as biocontrol agents for insect pests. The aim of this research was to study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp. isolates and to evaluate the efficacy of liquid production of those fungi against Leptocorisa oratorius (rice bug). Twelve isolates of B. bassiana and five isolates of Metarhizium sp. were used in this research. Selection result of B. bassiana isolates on third-instar rice bug nymphs showed that the isolate KBC caused the highest mortality rate (93%), while the lowest (46%) was caused by the isolate BBY 725. The shortest time needed to produce 50% mortality (Lethal time, LT 50 ) was 3.52 days (isolate KBC). The longest time (10.36 days) was produced by isolate SLSS. The mortality of rice bug nymphs caused by Metarhizium isolates was only 50-62%. The shortest LT 50 of Metarhizium (5.75 days) was produced by isolate Mtm, while the longest (7.46 days) was produced by isolate Mpx. Bioefficacy tests on six kinds of liquid formations of entomopathogenic fungi indicated that all were effective, mostly with LT 50 d" two days. The mortality rates of rice bug nymphs caused by bioefficacy of fungus liquid production was generally above 85% up to 100%. The liquid media for entomopathogenic fungi performed better compared with solid media (SDA), as indicated by the greater mortality rate and shorter LT 50 .

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“…Insect pathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, are considered to be facultative pathogens, since they survive within the soil, do not require an insect host for propagation, and yet maintain virulence (Roberts & Hajek, 1992;Bidochka et al, 2000). Once isolated from soil, these fungi readily infect insects, and one of the most common methods of isolating them is to 'bait' the soil with an insect (Zimmermann, 1986;Bidochka & Khachatourians, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could insect phagocytic avoidance by entomogenous fungi have evolved via selection against soil amoeboid predators?

et al. 2010

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The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are ubiquitously distributed in soils. As insect pathogens they adhere to the insect cuticle and penetrate through to the insect haemocoel using a variety of cuticle-hydrolysing enzymes. Once in the insect haemocoel they are able to survive and replicate within, and/or evade, phagocytic haemocyte cells circulating in the haemolymph. The mechanism by which these soil fungi acquire virulence factors for insect infection and insect immune avoidance is unknown. We hypothesize that insect phagocytic cell avoidance in M. anisopliae and B. bassiana is the consequence of a survival strategy against soil-inhabiting predatory amoebae. Microscopic examination, phagocytosis assays and amoeba mortality assays showed that these insect pathogenic fungi are phagocytosed by the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii and can survive and grow within the amoeba, resulting in amoeba death. Mammalian fungal and bacterial pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Legionella pneumophila, respectively, show a remarkable overlap between survival against soil amoebae and survival against human macrophages. The insect immune system, particularly phagocytic haemocytes, is analogous to the mammalian macrophage. Our data suggest that the ability of the fungal insect pathogens M. anisopliae and B. bassiana to survive insect phagocytic haemocytes may be a consequence of adaptations that have evolved in order to avoid predation by soil amoebae.

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Insect Pathogenic Fungi: From Genes to Populations

Cited by 34 publications

References 76 publications

Stable Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms and Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

Stable Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms and Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

Selection of Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi and the Bioefficacy of Their Liquid Production against Leptocorisa oratorius Nymphs

Could insect phagocytic avoidance by entomogenous fungi have evolved via selection against soil amoeboid predators?

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