Insect Herbivores Associated With Species of Solanum (Solanaceae) in Northeastern Argentina and Southeastern Paraguay, With Reference to Biological Control of Weeds in South Africa and the United States of America

Abstract

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Assessment of ecological risks in weed biocontrol: Input from retrospective ecological analyses

“…Such "secondary" host species, based on preference and relative performance, are usually relatives of the targeted, presumably preferred exotic host plant (Louda et al, 2003b;Pemberton, 2000), and this was the case for L. alatum and D. verticillatus (Blossey et al, 1994). When feeding or oviposition on alternate or secondary hosts is lower than on the targeted host in tests, the inference has been made that impact in the new environment also will be low (e.g., Blossey et al, 1994;McClay, 1990;Olckers et al, 2002;Zwölfer and Harris, 1984). However, extrapolation of preference and performance of individuals, from laboratory data or field distributions in the indigenous environment, to predictions of ecological risk from population growth and use in the new environment field requires the assumption that population dynamics will scale with individual preference and relative performance.…”

Plant population structure and insect herbivory on Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae) in southern Brazil: a support to biological control

“…In particular, flowerbud-feeding weevils of the genus Anthonomus (Curculionidae), which also feed on young leaves on the tips of the branches, have been studied on natural S. mauritianum populations around Curitiba in Brazil because of their abundance and importance as candidate agents. Despite considerable information on the insect natural enemies associated with S. mauritianum in its native countries (Olckers et al, 2002;PedrosaMacedo et al, 2003), little is known about the auto-ecology of the target plant. Studies on the structure of S. mauritianum populations in its natural environment could help to elucidate the plant's population behavior and assess its susceptibility to attack by insect herbivores.…”

Assessing the risks of releasing a sap-sucking lace bug, Gargaphia decoris, against the invasive tree Solanum mauritianum in New Zealand

“…In particular, the lack of quarantine restrictions provided the opportunity to conduct open-field trials and test the insect under less restrictive conditions. This was important given the problem that eggplant has demonstrated to be an acceptable host to a wide range of candidate agents under laboratory conditions, which was contrary to field observations in their countries of origin (Olckers 1998(Olckers , 1999(Olckers , 2000(Olckers , 2003(Olckers , 2004Olckers et al 2002). Several testing procedures, ranging from no-choice to open-field choice tests, were used to distinguish between the insect's 'physiological' and 'ecological' host ranges.…”